Hydrolysis of tocopheryl and retinyl esters by porcine carboxyl ester hydrolase is affected by their carboxylate moiety and bile acids

2007

Animal

The purpose of the present study was to compare the influence of adding no or 8% fat of varying sources (coconut oil, fish oil, rapeseed oil and sunflower oil) to diets for sows 1 week prior to farrowing and during lactation on the composition of fatty acids in plasma and tissues of the progeny while sucking and 3 weeks after weaning from the sow. A control diet without supplemental fat and four diets supplemented with 8% of coconut oil, rapeseed oil, fish oil or sunflower oil were provided to lactating sows (n= 15), and during the post-weaning period the same weaner diet was provided to all piglets (n= 15 litters), which were housed litterwise. The dietary ratio of n-6:n-3 fatty acids of the maternal diets largely influenced the progeny, as the ratio varying from 1.2 (fish oil) to 12.2 (sunflower oil) in the sow milk was reflected in plasma and adipose tissues of the sucking progeny. The liver showed similar variations according to dietary treatments, but a lower n-6:n-3 fatty acids ratio. From day 4 to later on during the suckling period, the concentration of C14:0, C16:0 and C18:1 in the liver of the piglets decreased, irrespective of the dietary treatments of sows. In plasma and liver, the total concentration of saturated fatty acids (SAFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) did not differ markedly in piglets sucking sows fed different dietary fatty acids, whereas the adipose tissue of piglets sucking sows fed sunflower oil and coconut oil showed the highest proportion of PUFA and SAFA, respectively. Weaning lowered the concentration of lipid-soluble extracts in plasma and the concentration of fatty acids in the liver of the piglets. Within the post-weaning period, dietary treatments of sows, rather than age of piglets, influenced the fatty acid composition of plasma and adipose tissue of the piglets, whereas the hepatic fatty acid profile was more affected by the age of the piglets during the post-weaning period. This study shows that the fatty acid profile of plasma and tissues of the progeny is highly dependent on the maternal dietary composition, and that the dietary impact persists for up to 3 weeks after the suckling period.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid composition of lactational diets influences the fatty acid profile of the progeny before and after suckling

Lauridsen

2007

Animal

“…Tocopherols (vitamin E) are absorbed in the small intestine as free alcohols alone or in combination with emulsified fat products; these commercially available forms must be hydrolyzed by the bile acid-activated enzyme carboxylic ester hydrolase before absorption, a process that may be limited in young animals due to limited activity of carboxylic ester hydrolase (Lauridsen et al 2001).…”

Section: Vitamin E Form and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

α-Tocopherol incorporation in mitochondria and microsomes upon supranutritional vitamin E supplementation

Lauridsen

2012

Genes Nutr

Self Cite

Vitamin E (a-tocopherol) is a major lipid-soluble chain-breaking antioxidant in humans and mammals and plays an important role in normal development and physiology. The localization of a-tocopherol within the highly unsaturated phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes provides a means of controlling lipid oxidation at the initiation site. Mitochondria are the site for major oxidative processes and are important in fat oxidation and energy production, but a side effect is leakage of reactive oxygen species. Thus, incorporation of a-tocopherol and other antioxidants into mitochondria and other cellular compartments is important in order to maintain oxidative stability of the membranebound lipids and prevent damage from the reactive oxygen species. Many studies regarding mitochondrial disease and dysfunction have been performed in relation to deficiency of vitamin E and other antioxidants, whereas relatively sparse information is available regarding the eventual beneficial effects of antioxidant-enriched mitochondria in terms of health and function. This may be due to the fact that only little scientific information is available concerning the effect of supranutritional supplementation with antioxidants on their incorporation into mitochondria and other cellular membranes. The purpose of this review is therefore to briefly summarize experimental data performed with dietary vitamin E treatments in relation to the deposition of a-tocopherol in mitochondria and microsomes.

“…The increase in concentration of CEH during the weaning period to a concentration similar to adult mink (Laerke et al, 2004) indicates that CEH is not the limiting factor for the absorption of a-tocopherol in weaning mink kits. This is further supported by the high and unaltered occurrence of conjugated bile acids, which has been shown to be the most efficient activator of CEH (Lauridsen et al, 2001). In contrast, lipase activity in the weaning mink kits is 20 to 35 times lower than in adult mink (Laerke et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Changes in digestive enzyme activity, intestine morphology, mucin characteristics and tocopherol status in mink kits (Mustela neovision) during the weaning period

Hedemann

Clausen²,

2011

Animal

Weaning of livestock mammals is often associated with digestive problems related to profound changes in the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. This study was undertaken to study the developmental changes in the gastrointestinal tract of mink kits during the period of 34 to 59 days of age. Twenty-four mink kits from eight litters were included in the experiment. The dams and their litters were kept under standard farm conditions. The dams and the kits were fed a diet consisting of 48.1% protein, 40.7% fat and 11.1% carbohydrate of metabolizable energy. The mink kits were weaned at 42 days of age. At 34, 47 and 59 days of age, one male mink kit from each litter was euthanized. The activity of amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin and lipase in the pancreatic tissue increased during the experimental period, whereas the activity of carboxyl ester hydrolase remained constant. The vitamin E concentration in plasma was stable from 34 to 59 days of age, whereas the concentration decreased in the liver. The stereochemical composition of a-tocopherol showed a steep decrease in the concentration of the biologically most active natural isomer in both plasma and liver through the whole weaning period, whereas the biologically less active 2S isomers showed a clear increase. The concentration of bile salts did not change during the experimental period. The villous height increased in the proximal part of the small intestine and decreased in the distal part, whereas the crypt depth was doubled in both the proximal and distal part of the small intestine. The mucin-staining area on the villi was markedly reduced during the experimental period but no change in the mucin-staining area in the crypts was observed.