Hydrolysis of triglyceride by solid phase lipolytic enzymes of Rhizopus arrhizus in continuous reactor systems

Abstract

SummaryContinuous hydrolysis of triglyceride in organic solvent systems using Rhizupus arrhizus mycelia as a source of insolubilized lipase has been studied in packed-bed and stirred-tank reactors. Typically a packed bed reactor containing I g of mycelia fed at I mL/min with a solution of 2.5% ( w h ) olive oil in di-isopropyl ether gave a fatty acid yield of 45% at 30°C. The optimum water concentration was found to be 0.17% ( w h ) except under conditions of high oil feed concentration and high yield where no optimum was established. N o temperature optimum was observed over the range 20-55°C. Calculated activation energies of 13-20 k J h o l . depending on temperature. were lower, while K,,,(app) values of 0. I-0.3M were higher than those for hydrolysis in conventional aqueous emulsion systems. N o evidence of any significant diffusional limitation. which could account for these values. was obtained. The mycelia showed a loss of activity of 0.6-1.0%1h at 30°C. The packed bed proved markedly superior to the stirred tank for this system.

Hydrolysis of butteroil by immobilized lipase using a hollow‐fiber reactor: IV. Effects of temperature

“…4 of Model B2,. This result implies that parameters A*,], A2,2, and 1 3~,~ are not dependent on temperature for the range investigated in these experiments.…”

Hydrolysis of fats and oils with moist oat caryopses

“…Chemical methods include lipase attachment to a matrix by covalent bonds and formation of a cross-linked lipase-containing matrix (Lieberman and Ollis, 1975;Tahoun, 1986). Physical methods include entrapment of the lipase within an insoluble gel matrix (Kubo et al, 1976;Marlot et al, 1985), containment of the lipase within porous hollow fibers or microcapsules (Pronk et al, 1988;van der Padt et al, 1990) adsorption of the enzyme on a carrier (Kobayashi et al, 1980;Macrae, 1983;Omar et al, 1988), binding of the lipase to dried mycelia (Bell et al, 1981) or bacterial cell debris (Kosugi and Suzuki, 1973), and ion exchange between the enzyme and a support Jensen et al, 1988).…”

“…Some of the insoluble support materials commonly employed are porous glass and its derivatives (Brockman et al, 1973;Kobayashi et al, 1980;Marlot et al, 1985), diatomaceous earth or kieselguhr (Kroll et al, 1980;Macrae, 1983;Kimura et al, 1983;Wisdom et al, 1984;Ison et al, 1988), Duolite (Kimura et al, 1983), cellulose and its derivatives (Horiuti and Imamura, 1978;, silica and its derivatives (Wisdom et al, 1985;, clay , alumina (Marlot et al, 1985), stainless steel (Lieberman and Ollis, 1975), nylon , polyethylene and its derivatives, polypropylene and its derivatives, (Kimura et al, 1983;Yokozeki et al, 1982), polystyrene (Kang and Rhee, 1989), polyacrylamide (Tahoun, 1986), polyurethane (Marlot et al. 1985), sephadex (Kang and Rhee, 1988), gelatin (Schafer, 1975), alginate (Omar et al, 1988), Dowex (Kobayashi et al, 1980), collagen (Karube et al, 1977), polyethylene glycol attached to magnetite (Takahashi et al, 1987), and fragments of fungal mycelia (Bell et al, 1981) or bacterial cell walls (Kosugi and Suzuki, 1973). Synthetic materials have been manufactured or obtained in a number of forms and shapes, including membranes, fibers, granules, and powders.…”

“…Granules of various sizes with lipase attached to them (Layvayre and Baratti, 1982;Macrae, 1983;Wisdom et al, 1987; or lipase-containing dried mycelia (Bell et al, 1981) are usually confined in a jacketed column.…”

“…Solvents used in a single liquid phase include diisopropyl ether (Bell et al, 1981), petroleum ether (Macrae, 1985), and hexane (Wisdom et al, 1987). In the case of multi-phase liquid systems, the two streams may flow through the reactor in opposite directions with the denser phase flowing downwards, or in the same direction .…”