Hydrolytic Cleavage of an RNA-Model Phosphodiester Catalyzed by a Highly Negatively Charged Polyoxomolybdate [Mo₇O₂₄]⁶⁻Cluster

Abstract

Hydrolysis of 2-hydroxypropyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphate (HPNP), a commonly used RNA model substrate, was examined in molybdate solutions by means of (1)H, (31)P, and (95)Mo NMR, Raman, and Mo K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. (1)H and (31)P NMR spectroscopy indicate that at 50 degrees C and pD 5.9 the cleavage of the phosphodiester bond in HPNP proceeds with a rate constant of 6.62 x 10(-6) s(-1), giving a cyclic phosphate ester and p-nitrophenol as the only products of hydrolysis. The NMR spectra did not show evidence of any paramagnetic species, excluding the possibility of Mo(VI) reduction to Mo(V), and indicating that the cleavage of the phosphodiester bond is purely hydrolytic. The Mo K-edge XANES region also did not show any sign of Mo(VI) to Mo(V) reduction during the hydrolytic reaction. The pD dependence of k(obs) exhibits a bell-shaped profile, with the fastest cleavage observed at pD 5.9. Comparison of the rate profile with the concentration profile of polyoxomolybdates shows a striking overlap of the k(obs) profile with the concentration of heptamolybdate, suggesting that the highly negatively charged [Mo(7)O(24)](6-) is the hydrolytically active species. Kinetic experiments at pD 5.9 using a fixed amount of [Mo(7)O(24)](6-) and increasing amounts of HPNP revealed slight signs of curvature at 25 molar excess of HPNP. The data fit the general Michaelis-Menten reaction scheme, permitting the calculation of the catalytic rate constant k(2) (3.02 x 10(-4) s(-1)) and K(m) (1.06 M). Variable temperature (31)P NMR spectra of a reaction mixture revealed broadening of the HPNP (31)P resonance upon increase of temperature, implying the dynamic exchange process between free and bound HPNP at higher temperatures. Addition of salts resulted in the inhibition of HPNP hydrolysis, as well as addition of dimethyl phosphate, suggesting competition for the binding to [Mo(7)O(24)](6-). The hydrolysis of 10 equiv of HPNP could be achieved in the presence of 1 equiv of [Mo(7)O(24)](6-), and the multiple turnovers demonstrate that the reaction is catalytic. (31)P NMR and Mo K-edge EXAFS spectra measured during different stages of the hydrolysis indicated that under catalytic conditions a partial conversion of [Mo(7)O(24)](6-) into [P(2)Mo(5)O(23)](6-) occurs.

Polyoxometallate als Bausteine für funktionelle Nanosysteme

“…[149] Die Spaltung einer Phosphodiesterbindung durch ein POM wurde erstmals mit dem Heptamolybdation [Mo 7 O 24 ] 6À beobachtet, wobei eine um vier Größenordnun-gen höhere Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit gefunden wurde. [141,142] Das auf mesoporösem Siliciumoxid immobilisierte POM H 3 PW 12 O 40 kann als Katalysator die Esterhydrolyse in Wasser beträchtlich beschleunigen. Dieser Aufbau überwindet das bei festen Säuren auftretende Problem einer starken Desaktivierung durch Wasser.…”

Understanding the Regioselective Hydrolysis of Human Serum Albumin by Zr(IV)-Substituted Polyoxotungstates Using Tryptophan Fluorescence Spectroscopy

“…It was previously reported by our research group that isopolyoxomolybdates [40][41][42][43], isopolyoxovandates [44,45] and metal-substituted POMs [46] are able to efficiently hydrolyze the phopho(di)ester bonds in DNA and RNA model compounds. Moreover, hydrolysis of the highly inert peptide bond in dipeptides [46][47][48][49][50], oligopeptides [51], and several model proteins [34,52,53] , was the first reported example of protein hydrolysis promoted by a POM [34].…”

Eu(III) luminescence and tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy as a tool for understanding interactions between hen egg white lysozyme and metal-substituted Keggin type polyoxometalates

“…Initially, this was illustrated by the hydrolysis of the phospho(di)ester bonds in DNA and RNA model compounds by isopolyoxomolybdates [27][28][29][30][31], isopolyoxovanadates [32,33] and a series of metal-substituted POMs [34]. Encouraged by these results the hydrolysis of the highly inert peptide bond in dipeptides, oligopeptides and proteins in the presence of POMs has also been explored.…”