Hydrolyzed collagen from porcine lipase‐defatted seabass skin: Antioxidant, fibroblast cell proliferation, and collagen production activities

Abstract

Defatting of seabass skins using porcine pancreas lipase (PPL) at 25 or 50 units/g dry matter) for 1–3 hr at 30ºC was investigated. Treatment of seabass skin with PPL (25 unit/g dry matter) for 3 hr removed 83.81% lipids when compared to 57.27% using isopropanol. Hydrolysis of PPL‐treated skin by papain (0.3 unit/g dry matter) (PPL‐papain‐3 process) at 40ºC for 90 min provided hydrolyzed collagen (HC) with higher yield, α‐amino group content, ferric‐reducing antioxidant power, and metal chelating activity than other treatments (p < 0.05). There was no difference in fishy odor between HC from PPL‐papain‐2 and PPL‐papain‐3 processes (p > 0.05). All the HC (50–250 µg/ml) samples stimulated L929 fibroblast cell proliferation and also induced collagen production in a dose‐dependent manner. Also, all HC contained peptides with molecular weight of 406‐11,860 Da. Gly and imino acids were dominant amino acids in HC prepared with PPL‐papain‐3 process. Practical applications Seabass skin is a potential raw material for the production of hydrolyzed collagen (HC). However, seabass skin contains a large amount of lipids, including polyunsaturated fatty acids. These unsaturated lipids are oxidized during processing, particularly during hydrolysis at high temperature. This leads to the development of undesirable odor, especially fishy odor. Therefore, seabass skin defatting is an important step for improving the quality of the resulting HC. The use of lipase is an alternative method that can be used to remove lipids in skins without using solvents. HC from defatted skins will contain bioactive peptides and therefore, can be used as a food supplement or for skin nourishment.

High-Intensity Ultrasound Pulses Effect on Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Skin Gelatin

“…According to these results, the UPGs in this study had ferric reducing antioxidant power in the range from 244 to 732 TE/mg of gelatin, and these results are lower than those obtained for horse gram hydrolysates (~1100 µM TE/mg sample) [27] but higher than those obtained for seabass collagen hydrolysates (~2-6 µM TE/g sample) [11]. Thus, the antioxidant activity of the UPG in this study is comparable to those obtained for gelatins that were subjected to chemical modifications due to the breaking of peptide bonds [11,27]; in contrast, this study was limited to the interruption of intramolecular interactions due to the effect of cavitation [29].…”

“…In addition to their functional properties, proteins have also been used as a source of molecules with biological activity, with antioxidant activity being one of the most studied [11]. Ultrasound has also been used as a pretreatment during protein hydrolysis to improve the bioactivities of hydrolysates [12].…”

“…Ultrasound has also been used as a pretreatment during protein hydrolysis to improve the bioactivities of hydrolysates [12]. In regard to tilapia skin gelatin, the antioxidant activity refers to peptides or low molecular weight polypeptide chains [11][12][13][14]. On the other hand, tilapia fishing generates a considerable amount of by-products, such as skin, scales, heads, and bones, which are discarded and generate pollution in the environment [15]; if these by-products are given an alternative use, it would be possible to reduce pollution and to favor the integral use of this species-hence the intention of using them in the present investigation.…”

Effect of Pulsed Electric Field‐Assisted Process in Combination with Porcine Lipase on Defatting of Seabass Skin

“…Nevertheless, there was no marked difference in level of lipid removal between the PEF-treated skin at 24 kV/cm and 72 ms in comparison to 108 ms (P > 0.05). Also, the efficiency of lipid removal of PEF-PPL-treated skin was higher than those of PPL-treated skin (83.81%) and isopropanol-treated skin without PEF pretreatment (57.27%) as reported by Chotphruethipong et al (2019). Increasing E level more likely promoted the pore formations in the skin membrane via electroporation, leading to the loosened skin matrix (Liu, Esveld, Vincken, & Bruins, 2019).…”

“…After PEF pretreatment, the skins were added to 0.05 M citric acid (Benjakul et al., ). Thereafter, the swollen skins were treated with PPL (25 U/g dry matter) for 3 hr at 30 ± 2 °C and washed for 30 min using the tap water as described by Chotphruethipong, Aluko, and Benjakul (). The obtained skins were analyzed for lipid contents as per the method of Bligh and Dyer ().…”