Hydromechanism and Desalination of Coastal Karst Aquifers: Theory and Case

Abstract

IzvlečekUDK 556.114.5:627.8.034 Marko Breznik & Franci Steinman: Hidromehanizem in razslanitev obalnih kraških vodonosnikov: Teorija in primeriSomornica obalnih kraških vodonosnikov je neuporabna. Načini razslanjevanja so: prestrezanje sladke vode v kraški gmoti, izolacija vodonosnika in dvig gladine izvira za preprečenje vtoka morske vode, ter zmanjšanje črpanja sladke vode v sušnih obdobjih. Te načine pojasnjujejo štirje tipični primeri. Ključne besede: obalni kraški vodonosniki, razslanjevanje, načini, primeri. AbstractUDC 556.114.5:627.8.034 Marko Breznik & Franci Steinman: Hydromechanism and desalination of coastal karst aquifers: Theory and CasesBrackish water of coastal karst aquifers is useless. Desalination methods are: interception method to capture fresh water in karst massif, isolation and rise-spring-level methods to prevent sea water inflow and reduced pumping of fresh water in dry periods. Four typical cases explain these methods.

Desalination of Coastal Karst Springs by Hydro-geologic, Hydro-technical and Adaptable Methods

“…But also there a too high rise could induce the losses of fresh water through the lower vein into sea, shown on Fig. 7 from the period C by a human rise of the spring level to the period B, and not by a to high rise, to the period A (Breznik, 1971(Breznik, , 1973Breznik & Steinman, 2008).…”

“…A reduction of pumping prevents the salination of the drainage galleries Kovča -Zaton, Roman wells (Bakar, Trogir), Šipan in Croatia (Biondič, 2005), and Klariči in Slovenia (Breznik, 1998;Breznik & Steinman, 2008; and elsewhere) during the dry periods.…”

“…The 100 m deep column of sea water in the vein-branching provides a 2,5 m rise of the piezometric head, expressed by the head of fresh water. Out of this are 0,8 m losses of the head, used for the flow of sea water through the 15 km long lower vein and 1,7 m is the denivelation of the sea level below the mill (Breznik & Steinman, 2008). In the Arfib's one vein karst system, it would be difficult to explain a change from the outflow to the inflow of the estavelles during 1 to 2 days in the Jurjevo bay (Kuščer, 1950).…”

“…12. "Sea water mill" on Kefalonia Island in Greece, explained by the different densities principle (Breznik & Steinman, 2008).…”

“…In karst of anisotropic permeability, contamination occurs in the veinbranchings. This contamination was first explained by Gjurašin (1943), and in detail by Kuščer (1950), and Breznik (1973Breznik ( , 1978Breznik ( , 1990Breznik ( and 1998, and Breznik & Steinman (2008). In 1938, Prof. Gjurašin of Zagreb University developed a theory on the basis of the flow of sea water into the Gurdić spring on the Adriatic coast, that the various specific weights of sea and fresh water are the cause of the sea intruding into springs along the coast and coastal karst aquifers.…”