Hydrometallurgical Processes for Valuable Metals Recycling from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Mechanochemistry-induced recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries for synergistic treatment of mixed cathode powders

“…12 Although high recovery efficiency and relatively pure products can be obtained by the hydrometallurgical method, 13 extended recycling processes, extensive use of chemicals and potential secondary contamination may make it difficult to attain environmentally sustainable recycling. 14 A chlorinating technology using NH 4 Cl targeted for the selective recovery of Li via reducing the driving force at a temperature of 1273 K was reported with a high selectivity of Li over 90%. 15 The pyrometallurgical approach features high processing capacity, simplified recycling processes and wide applicability, while the energy-extensive consumption, severe exhaust emissions and unsatisfactory grades of target recycling products may discourage its further application in spent LIB recycling.…”

Influence of Cell Opening Methods on Electrolyte Removal during Processing in Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling

“…The material recycling of oxygen contained in cathode coating is technically proven for a closed battery-to-battery loop [67,71]. However, this technological, ecological, and economical interesting approach might not be feasible for EOL batteries due the continuous development of battery technology and the time gap to disposal [72]. Nevertheless, cathode coating recycling is an option for production wastes [15,43].…”