Hydrometallurgy of Chlorides: A Review of Recent Developments

Verhulst, Dirk; Lakshmanan, V. I.

doi:10.1002/9781118495285.ch49

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A number of processes have been developed in the past. Examples include the leaching of low grade silver ore tailings, titanium dioxide bearing slags, nickel laterite ores or the treatment of complex sulfidic base metal ores (Dry et al, 2011;Flett, 2002;Harris et al, 2007;Kappes, 2002;Lakshmanan et al, 2011;Verhulst and Lakshmanan, 2011;Winand, 1991). A key to the successful operation of such operations is the ability to regenerate the hydrochloric acid used in a cost effective way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phase transformation kinetics of calcium sulfate phases in strong CaCl2HCl solutions

Feldmann

Demopoulos

2012

Hydrometallurgy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phase transformation kinetics of calcium sulfate phases in strong CaCl2HCl solutions

Feldmann

Demopoulos

2012

Hydrometallurgy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Alternative inorganic acids yielding more soluble salts, such as nitric and hydrochloric acids, are more toxic and hydrochloric acid hinders owing to the release of gaseous HCl. 53 Methanesulfonic acid is also attractive because of its higher biodegradability, low vapor pressure, and lower corrosivity, 54 generally forming more soluble metal salts than the corresponding sulfate salts. Its relatively high production cost has tended to be minimized owing to its increasing use.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greener Route for Recovery of High-Purity Lanthanides from the Waste of Nickel Metal Hydride Battery Using a Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent

Cruz,

Rocha,

Hespanhol

2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES) based on trioctylphosphine oxide and decanoic acid was successfully exploited to separate lanthanides from battery acid leachates. Subsequently, chemical conditions were defined for stripping the metal ions to the aqueous phase, quantitative separation of La and Ce, and their recoveries as La2(C2O4)3 and Ce(OH)4. To achieve a higher yield and greenness, the process was optimized in relation to the acid used for waste leaching (HNO3, H2SO4, and CH3SO3H), the mass ratio of the aqueous to hydrophobic phase (WP:HP), experimental conditions for the back-extraction of lanthanides (Ln) to an aqueous phase, and their recovery as precipitates. Leaching with 2.0 mol L–1 HNO3 was more selective for Ln in relation to the transition metals and further yielded better extraction and separation with HDES. High-extraction efficiencies (96% La and 98% Ce) were achieved at a WP:HP of 1:8 with separation factors of 763 for La/Ni and 1149 for Ce/Ni. Ln was stripped from the HDES phase with 4.0 mol L–1 HCl solution, and the metals were recovered as Ce(IV) hydroxide and La(III) oxalate. The extraction mechanism was proposed, and the metal recoveries at each step of the procedure were evaluated. The global recoveries were 86.8% La and 97.6% Ce, and the solids were obtained with >99.6% purity, as characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry coupled with electron scanning microscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry analysis. The recycling and reuse of HDES for at least five extraction cycles without affecting recovery or selectivity were demonstrated, increasing the environmental friendliness of this approach. This proposal stands out from the environmental and economic perspectives owing to the sustainable recovery of critical raw materials from a secondary source using an alternative solvent with minimum separation steps.

show abstract

Hydrochloric Acid Regeneration via Calcium Sulfate Crystallization for Non‐Ferrous Chloride Leaching Processes

Feldmann¹,

Demopoulos²

2013

Ni–Co 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydrometallurgy of Chlorides: A Review of Recent Developments

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Phase transformation kinetics of calcium sulfate phases in strong CaCl2HCl solutions

Phase transformation kinetics of calcium sulfate phases in strong CaCl2HCl solutions

Greener Route for Recovery of High-Purity Lanthanides from the Waste of Nickel Metal Hydride Battery Using a Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent

Hydrochloric Acid Regeneration via Calcium Sulfate Crystallization for Non‐Ferrous Chloride Leaching Processes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About