Hydrophilic hierarchical carbon with TiO2 nanofiber membrane for high separation efficiency of dye and oil-water emulsion

Investigation of the applicability of TiO2, BiVO4, and WO3 nanomaterials for advanced photocatalytic membranes used for oil‐in‐water emulsion separation

“…Although WO 3 did not live up to our expectations in the present study, the investigation of three‐component composites is recommended as they are promising in achieving low band gap and suppressed recombination ratio at the same time. For example, graphene oxides and CNTs are also promising for use as the third component of a TiO 2 /BiVO 4 or other composite systems, as they can improve the homogeneity and/or the antifouling properties of the surfaces and may also suppress the charge carrier recombination 38,45,47 …”

“…Therefore, photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMRs)—equipped with photocatalyst‐modified membrane surfaces—are able to eliminate organic fouling contaminants and to recover the flux via an efficient and chemical‐free way that is based on the photocatalytically generated oxidative species 40,41,43,44 . Immobilization of photocatalytic nanoparticles can be carried out by physical deposition, 37,45,46 cross‐linking, 47 in situ precipitation, 33 dip coating, 48 grafting, 35 blending, 34,39,43,49 and so forth. There are numerous studies in the literature that proved the beneficial properties of these photocatalytic membranes—such as lower filtration resistances, reduced fouling, increased flux, higher separation efficiency, advanced flux recovery, and self‐cleaning ability—during the filtration of wastewaters containing dyes, 46,47 oils, 33–38,45–49 or other hydrocarbons 34,35,46 …”

Recent Aspects in Membrane Separation for Oil/Water Emulsion

“…Suitable porosity, lower cost, excellent stability, and proper flexibility can be fulfilled with polymeric membranes exclusively that fabricated from PVDF as commonly used membrane materials specifically for oil-water emulsion (Figure 5); and this can be attributed to resistance to chemical attack, oxidation, and high temperature, with its competitive tensile strength and elongation. [125] PES, polysulfone (PS), and polypropylene (PP) are used widely as polymer bases due to being cost-effective with superior properties for hydrophobic porous support. PAN and Cellulose acetate (CA), and Chitosan, as natural polymers, can be used effectively as an essential polymer-forming membrane for the separation of oil-water emulsions.…”

Blending Electrostatic Spinning Fabrication of Superhydrophilic/Underwater Superoleophobic Polysulfonamide/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Nanofibrous Membranes for Efficient Oil–Water Emulsion Separation

“…Among these methods, electrostatic spinning has attracted considerable attention, and it has become the main technique in preparing nanofibrous membranes because of its simple manufacturing device, low spinning cost, and wide variety of spinnable materials . However, the membrane materials − (polyamide acid, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyethersulfone) currently commonly used in electrostatic spinning preparations cannot endure the harsh environment because of the limitation of membrane materials, which may lead to the loss of their separation function and performance. − Previous studies have explored corrosion-resistant polymers such as Kevlar aramid, polyimide, and polyphenylene sulfide. However, the application of these polymers is hindered because of their low processability, poor solubility in organic solvents, and difficulty in forming nanofibrous membranes .…”