Hydrophilic interaction chromatography and evaporative light scattering detection for the determination of polar analytes in Belgian endive

Abstract

Belgian endive (Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum Hegi), a popular produce in northern Europe, has been thoroughly studied in regard to its bitter sesquiterpene lactones content. Much less is known about on its sweetness and crunchiness, which are typically linked to the content of polar compounds such as sugars, organic acids and salts. Through HILIC-HPLC-MS, it was shown that simple sugars, amino acids, and potassium chloride are abundant in Belgian endive extracts. Subsequently, a HILIC-HPLC-ELSD method for the analysis of such compounds with run times below six minutes was developed. Recoveries varied between 80 and 110% and an average reproducibility was 7.5RSD%. Finally, the method was applied to the study of three difference Belgian endive varieties. Takine, a variety known for its sweet taste, was found to contain significantly higher levels of fructose, and lower levels of potassium and glutamine.

Rapid HPLC Method for Determination of Isomaltulose in the Presence of Glucose, Sucrose, and Maltodextrins in Dietary Supplements

“…The authors compared HPLC on a strong anion-exchange column where isomaltulose was separated from glucose, fructose, and trehalulose in 11 min. In 2017 Annaratone et al [ 52 ] reported a six-minute analysis (on a 10 cm column) of polar analytes in Belgian endive by HILIC HPLC-ELSD, where isomaltulose served as an internal standard.…”

Analysis of Morpholinium Ionic Liquid Cations by Hydrophilic Interaction Columns Coupled with Indirect UV Detection

“…Moreover, compared with normal‐phase chromatography, the mobile phase of HILIC is compatible with mass spectrometry (MS) (especially electrospray ionization mass spectrometry), and thus, it improves the detection sensitivity . Thus, HILIC has been widely applied in various fields, including pharmaceutical analysis, food analysis, biomedical science, analytical chemistry, etc. In addition, many new stationary phases have been developed by introducing a variety of functional groups like hydrophilic macromolecules and ionic liquids, which can provide wider ranges of applications for HILIC …”