Hydrophilic molecularly imprinted nanospheres for the extraction of rhodamine B followed by HPLC analysis: A green approach and hazardous waste elimination

Abstract

In this work, hydrophilic molecularly imprinted nanospheres (MINs) were synthesized via surface imprinting technology and subsequently utilized as dispersant sorbent in matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) for the extraction of rhodamine B (RhB) as the illogical food additive dye from different foodstuffs, followed by HPLC analysis. By considering hydrophilicity of target analyte, the sol-gel route was chosen for the preparation of MINs in aqueous media at mild conditions. Most importantly, both synthesis and extraction steps were designed and performed in the line of green chemistry and hazardous waste was eliminated to minimize detrimental impact on the operator health and the environment. The reputable experimental design methodology was adopted to assist the condition optimization of MSPD, which comprehends the significance of the factors and their interactions with the least experimental runs. Under optimized MINs-MSPD-HPLC conditions, the detection limit of RhB was down to 0.14 μg kg −1 and excellent linearity over the wide range of 0.5-10000 μg kg −1 was attained. Furthermore, endogenous RhB was found in the tested food samples with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of ≤4.6%, and satisfactory recoveries were from 83.6 to 96.9%. The simple green MINs-MSPD method holds great potential for determination of trace RhB in complicated solid/semi-solid samples, showing rapidity, accuracy and reliability.

The challenge of separating and determining biologically active electrostatically stabilized silanates using the high‐performance liquid chromatography technique

“…In the case of the presented study, the authors have decided to conduct a discussion based primarily on the analysis of the obtained results. Similar studies on actual samples were also conducted by other authors [35][36][37][38][39]. The effects of the separation are presented in Table 2a-c and Figures 3 and 4.…”

Recent Advances and Future Trends in the Detection of Contaminants by Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Food Samples

“…Recently, a simple, sensitive and reliable method for the determination of RhB in food by high performance liquid chromatography based on MINs has been reported. Arabi et al (2020a) synthesized hydrophilic molecularly imprinted nanospheres (MINs) using surface imprinting technique and applied them as dispersant adsorbents in matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) system, which was successfully applied for the direct selective extraction of RhB from solid and semi-solid food samples (Figure 12). This method utilizes the synergistic interaction of Carbon sphere (CS) and sol-gel precursors in aqueous media to rationally prepare lowcost hydrophilic MINs on the basis of surface imprinting.The design of the MINs allows the synthesis conditions to be fully compatible with the principles of green chemistry and the resulting materials are environmentally friendly.…”

“…FIGURE 12 | Schematic illustration for the basic preparation procedure of MINs (Arabi et al, 2020a). Reprinted with permission from Elsevier.…”

Towards the room-temperature synthesis of covalent organic frameworks: a mini-review

“…In this regard, most of the researches have been focused on synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as selective materials. MIPs are a man-made, selective, and versatile material with predefined recognition sites which are formed during the polymerization process [70,71]. After removal of target analyte, the recognition sites can act as selective cavities based on the size, shape, and functional groups of the applied analyte [72,73].…”