Hydrophobically associating polyacrylamides and their partially hydrolyzed derivatives prepared by post-modification. 2. Properties of non-hydrolyzed polymers in pure water and brine

Feng, Yujun; Billon, Laurent; Grassl, Bruno; Bastiat, Guillaume; Borisov, Oleg V.; François, Jeanne

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2005.07.054

Cited by 171 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Light scattering characterization of high molecular weight PAM in water is considered difficult, due to its tendency to form aggregates. 19 Molecular weight determination requires finding a solvent in which the copolymer is molecularly dispersed, i.e., where supramolecular aggregates are absent. Due to the high polarity of the amide groups, few solvents are known to contain polyacrylamide; among these are water, formamide, ethylene glycol and morpholine.…”

Section: Viscometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution properties of a hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide and its polyelectrolyte derivatives determined by light scattering, small angle x-ray scattering and viscometry

Maia¹,

Villetti²,

Vidal³

et al. 2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Uma poliacrilamida hidrofobicamente modificada e dois dos seus derivados parcialmente hidrolisados, contendo grupos hidrofóbicos e carboxila, foram preparados por polimerização micelar e pós-hidrólise. A massa molar, o segundo coeficiente do virial e o raio de giração foram determinados por espalhamento de luz estático (SLS). O espalhamento de luz dinâmico (DLS) e o espalhamento de raios-X a baixos ângulos (SAXS) foram utilizados respectivamente para determinar a formação de agregados e o tipo de empacotamento das cadeias em regime semi-diluído. O comportamento das soluções, em regime diluído e semi-diluído foi estudado por viscosimetria e reologia. A poliacrilamida modificada hidrofobicamente apresentou tendência à formação de agregados devido aos grupos hidrofóbicos, mas essa agregação não foi suficiente para aumentar a viscosidade aparente. Embora os derivados parcialmente hidrolisados não apresentassem a mesma tendência para agregação, eles apresentaram um comportamento anisotrópico devido à introdução de densidade de carga sobre a cadeia polimérica, a qual levou a uma conformação mais alongada da macromolécula e maior viscosidade.A hydrophobically-modified polyacrylamide and two partially hydrolyzed derivatives containing hydrophobic and carboxylic groups were prepared by micellar polymerization and posthydrolysis. The molecular weight, second virial coefficient and radius of gyration were determined by static light scattering (SLS). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) were employed to determine the aggregate formation and type of chain packing in the semidilute regime, respectively. The behavior of solutions in dilute and semidilute regimes was also studied by viscometry and rheology. The hydrophobically-modified polyacrylamide showed a tendency to form aggregates due to the hydrophobic groups, but not enough to increase apparent viscosity. The partially hydrolyzed derivatives did not show the same aggregate-forming tendency. Rather, they exhibited anisotropic behavior, due to the charge density introduced into the polymer chain, which led to a more elongated macromolecular conformation and higher viscosity.

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Section: Viscometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution properties of a hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide and its polyelectrolyte derivatives determined by light scattering, small angle x-ray scattering and viscometry

Maia¹,

Villetti²,

Vidal³

et al. 2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…Further, in oil recovery processes, solubility of polymers in water is one of the most important and critical requirements [33]. Various methods [34,35] were described in literature to determine the solubility of water-soluble polymers in aqueous media. However, such methods are limited to very diluted solutions or may be influenced by the polymer particle size, temperature, or stirring speed.…”

Section: Effect Of Monomer and Initiator Contents On Copolymer Water mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the viscosity of the polymer solution is related to the size of the polymer chain, which is determined by chain conformations [36,37]. In general, the polymer dimension, the intraand inter-molecular association of polymer chains, polymer-solvent interaction and external factors (temperature, salinity), control the observed macroscopic behaviours of polymers, such as water solubility and solution viscosity [35][36][37]. Therefore, the highest solution viscosity value, , 100 mPa s, as observed in Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature Time and Salt On Copolymer-aqueous Somentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Aqueous Properties of Starch‐grafted Polyacrylamide Copolymers

et al. 2009

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In the present work, starch-grafted polyacrylamide copolymers were prepared and their rheological properties, either in water or in water-based muds, were investigated. The advantages in using starches as substrates to prepare additives which are suited for improving stability and the rheological properties of water-based muds, lie in their low cost, and their lower biodegradability than native starches. Thus, various copolymer series were prepared by free-radically grafting acrylamide (AM) onto starch using ceric ammonium sulphate (CAS) as initiator. It is shown that the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight of the grafted starches are controlled by the initiator and monomer concentrations. Furthermore, to predict the behaviour of the samples under oilwell conditions, the aqueous solution properties of the copolymers such as water solubility, viscosity, shear rate, were determined as function of temperature, salt concentration and type, and aging time. The knowledge of these properties is a prerequisite for the use of the copolymers in drilling fluids. The data indicate that starchgrafted polyacrylamide copolymers as compared to the non-modified starch, behave as shear-thinning, are salt resistant, and their rheological properties are stable with time. The grafted starches as prepared above were also added to water-based mud and the rheological properties of the resulting muds were determined under oil-well conditions. Grafted starches, having high AM contents, are more efficient in decreasing the filtrate volume, and increasing the plastic viscosity of the muds, when compared to PAC-L, a modified cellulosic polymer used in the filtration control of most water-based muds. Such improvements in the rheological properties of the muds were found to result from the behaviour and/or properties of the grafted starches in water.

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“…Polyacrylamide is one of those hydrophilic polymers and considerable research has been done to improve its viscosity building capacity by increasing its molecular weight (Hunkeler, 1990) and modifying the polymer chain with a few hydrophobic moieties to create intermolecular hydrophobic association (Feng et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acrylamide inverse miniemulsion polymerization: in situ, real-time monitoring using nir spectroscopy

Colmán

Chicoma

Giudici

et al. 2014

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-In this work, the ability of on-line NIR spectroscopy for the prediction of the evolution of monomer concentration, conversion and average particle diameter in acrylamide inverse miniemulsion polymerization was evaluated. The spectral ranges were chosen as those representing the decrease in concentration of monomer. An increase in the baseline shift indicated that the NIR spectra were affected by particle size. Multivariate partial least squares calibration models were developed to relate NIR spectra collected by the immersion probe with off-line conversion and polymer particle size data. The results showed good agreement between off-line data and values predicted by the NIR calibration models and these latter were also able to detect different types of operational disturbances. These results indicate that it is possible to monitor variables of interest during acrylamide inverse miniemulsion polymerizations.

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Hydrophobically associating polyacrylamides and their partially hydrolyzed derivatives prepared by post-modification. 2. Properties of non-hydrolyzed polymers in pure water and brine

Cited by 171 publications

References 44 publications

Solution properties of a hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide and its polyelectrolyte derivatives determined by light scattering, small angle x-ray scattering and viscometry

Solution properties of a hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide and its polyelectrolyte derivatives determined by light scattering, small angle x-ray scattering and viscometry

Preparation and Aqueous Properties of Starch‐grafted Polyacrylamide Copolymers

Acrylamide inverse miniemulsion polymerization: in situ, real-time monitoring using nir spectroscopy

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