Hydrophobization and Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan and Paper-Based Packaging Material

Abstract:The barrier resistance and wettability of papers are commonly controlled by the application of petroleum-based derivatives such as polyethylene, waxes and/or fluor-derivatives as coating. While surface hydrophobicity is improved by employing these polymers, they have become disfavored due to limitations in fossil-oil resources, poor recyclability, and environmental concerns on generated waste with lack of biodegradation. Alternatively, biopolymers including polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and polyesters can be used to formulate new pathways for fully bio-based paper coatings. However, difficulties in processing of most biopolymers may arise due to hydrophilicity, crystallization behavior, brittleness or melt instabilities that hinder a full exploitation at industrial scale. Therefore, blending with other biopolymers, plasticizers and compatibilizers is advantageous to improve the coating performance. In this paper, an overview of barrier properties and processing of bio-based polymers and their composites as paper coating will be discussed. In particular, recent technical advances in nanotechnological routes for bio-based nano-composite coatings will be summarized, including the use of biopolymer nanoparticles, or nanofillers such as nanoclay and nanocellulose. The combination of biopolymers along with surface modification of nanofillers can be used to create hierarchical structures that enhance hydrophobicity, complete barrier protection and functionalities of coated papers. OPEN ACCESSCoatings 2015, 5 888

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“…Hydrophobically modified starch coatings also find the application for improving the hydrophobicity of the sized papers [57,58].…”

Section: Starch and Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Based Coatings for Paper Applications

2015

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“…In addition, the ability of water absorption by chitosan from the environment and form the gel exhibit significant antibacterial activity and free amino groups. Besides, the presence of inhibition zone on chitosan coated indicates that the chitosan penetrated into the core of the paper (Bordenave et al 2010). …”

Section: Antibacterial Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties of Paper Coated with Chitosan

Zakaria¹,

Chia²,

Ahmad

et al. 2015

JSM

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“…It has been suggested that the antibacterial activity of chitosan and its derivatives is related to the positive charge of the amino group at C-2 in the glucosamine monomer (Hu et al, 2007). Therefore, the mechanism of action could be due to the interaction between the amino groups of the polysaccharide and negatively charged substances at the cell surface of bacteria, such as proteins, phospholipids and lipoteichoic acids, inhibiting the growth of microorganisms (Bordenave et al, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Activity of an Oligosaccharide of Native Paecilomyces sp. and its Aminoglycosylated Derivative

Lillo

Alarcón

Céspedes

et al. 2011

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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This study reports the antibacterial activity of an oligosaccharide, prepared by partial acid hydrolysis of a native Paecilomyces sp. exopolysaccharide, and of its aminoglycosylated derivative, prepared by reductive alkylation of the oligosaccharide, against E. coli and S. aureus. Organism collectionPaecilomyces sp. was cultivated in potato dextrose agar. Stock cultures were maintained on the same medium and transferred to fresh medium at a four-weeks interval. A voucher specimen of the fungus is deposited in the fungi collection of the Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile. Purifi cation of the exopolysaccharideThe resulting culture fi ltrate was mixed with four volumes of absolute ethanol, stirred vigorously, and kept overnight al -10 °C. The precipitate was centrifuged at 1,006 x g for 15 min and the supernatant was discarded. After repeated precipitation steps, the resulting EPS was dialyzed at room temperature overnight in de-ionized water, lyophilized, and its weight determined. Partial acid hydrolysis of the exopolysaccharideEPS (3 g) was heated for 1 h at 90 °C with 36 mL of 0.10 M HCl, the mixture was cooled and poured into 100 mL of acetone. The resulting precipitate was separated by centrifugation, washed three times with acetone, dissolved in water, and freeze-dried. Gel permeation chromatographyAn aqueous solution of the partially hydrolyzed EPS (2 mg/mL) was chromatographed on a Sephadex G-75 (Sigma-Aldrich) column (100 mm x 13 mm) and eluted with 1% (v/v) acetic acid (pH 5.3) (Huber et al., 1984). The column was calibrated with 2 mL of Blue Dextran 2000 (4 mg/mL) and Dglucose (4 mg/mL). Elution was monitored spectrophotometrically at 480 nm with the phenol-sulfuric acid reagent for sugars (Chaplin, 1986) (Fig. 1). Reductive alkylationPartially hydrolyzed EPS (0.4 g) was suspended in 20 mL of methanol/acetic acid (3:1, v/v), and 1.33 g D-(+)-glucosamine hydrochloride in 15 mL water and 1.0 g sodium cyanoborohydride were added. The mixture was stirred for 6 d at room temperature, fi ltered, and the solid was washed exhaustively with methanol and dried to give a white powder, soluble in water (62% yield). MicroorganismsStandard strains of Escherichia coli (ATCC 31705) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) were used for determination of the antibacterial activity (Hu et al., 2007). Antibacterial activitiesA series of tubes containing different concentrations of either the native Paecilomyces sp. EPS, or of the oligosaccharide and of its aminoglycosylated derivative were prepared. Each tube was inoculated with the microorganism and incubated at 37 °C for 18 h. The presence or absence of turbidity suggests the growth of microorganisms, which in turn indicates the bacterial sensitivity to the compounds tested. The lowest concentration that completely inhibited the bacterial growth was designated the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (Hu et al., 2007). Results and DiscussionThe EPS obtained from a submerged culture of Paecilomyces sp. by means of precipitation wit...

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Hydrophobization and Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan and Paper-Based Packaging Material

Cited by 152 publications

References 38 publications

Bio-Based Coatings for Paper Applications

Bio-Based Coatings for Paper Applications

Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties of Paper Coated with Chitosan

Antibacterial Activity of an Oligosaccharide of Native Paecilomyces sp. and its Aminoglycosylated Derivative

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