Hydroponic phytoremediation of antimony by Tamarix smyrnensis and Nerium oleander

Abstract

Background: Antimony (Sb) is considered a priority pollutant and its removal from the environment is of great importance. Among the various treatments, phytoremediation is considered an efficient method when the accumulation of this metalloid in plant tissues is sufficiently high. This work focused on removal of Sb(III) from aqueous solution at two Sb concentrations (5 and 10 ppm) and using salt as stressor (100 mmol L −1 ) only at the lowest Sb concentration (5 ppm). The response of two salt-tolerant plant species -Tamarix smyrnensis and Nerium oleanderwas monitored when subjected to Sb-contaminated hydroponic solutions.Results: Plant growth and water content remained unaltered within the 15-day experimental period, while the chlorophyll content declined significantly at the higher Sb level (10 ppm) only for N. oleander. The antioxidant enzymatic activity in T. smyrnensis with respect to guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD) and catalase (CAT) was significantly increased in the treatment under Sb and salt stress. In N. oleander there was a strong increase in GPOD activity by the exposure to Sb, whereas the CAT activity was increased considerably with the presence of salinity. Sb concentration was detected on the surface of the leaves, indicating that excretion occurred in both plants. Increased accumulation was observed in N. oleander in the absence of salinity whereas, under salt stress, Sb accumulation was considerably higher (60%) in T. smyrnensis. Notably, both plants could accumulate a high amount of Sb, preferentially in the roots, with the concentrations in the leaves being significantly lower. Conclusion:The experimental results from this study demonstrate that both plants are suitable for phytoremediation due to substantial Sb accumulation without visible Sb toxicity.

The Use of Macrophytes for the Removal of Chlorpyrifos from the Aquatic Environment

“…This required the development of new and effective processes based on biological, chemical and thermal methods, whose utilitarian use will allow to get safety products [1][2][3]. One of the technologies based on biological methods used in the degradation of organic compounds is a phytoremediation that uses plants for reduction, degradation, assimilation and metabolizing environmental pollution such as heavy metals, hydrocarbons or pesticides [4,5]. Some water plants that appear naturally in the aquatic ecosystems in Poland are able to participate in biological processes to decrease or move the pollutants amounts [6].…”