Hydroprocessing of low-temperature coal tar to produce jet fuel

Gang, Yong; Zhang, Xu; Xiong, Lei; Guo, Hongyao; Li, Wenhong; Li, Dong

doi:10.1039/c8ra04531c

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Medium–low temperature coal tar pitch (MLP) is a type of large‐scale by‐product obtained during the production of semi‐coke and deep‐processing of low‐rank coal, respectively . MLP is usually used as the raw material for the production of liquefied oil, road asphalt, mesophase pitch, and other artificial carbon materials . The researchers believe that with the deep understanding of the physico‐chemical properties of MLP, it is a significantly important precursor to produce fine mosaic coke .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Conversion Behavior of Medium–Low–Temperature Coal Tar Pitch During Liquid–Phase Carbonization Process

Zhu

Zhao

et al. 2019

ChemistrySelect

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Medium–low temperature coal tar pitch (MLP) is a type of aromatic carbonaceous material obtained by the low temperature distillation of low rank coal, and is considered as a desirable raw material for the production of artificial carbon/graphite material. The thermal conversion behaviors of MLP during the liquid‐phase carbonization process were analyzed in detail in this study. Further, the changes of molecular structure and carbon microcrystalline structure of MLP and liquid‐phase carbonization products derived from it were quantitatively investigated by optical microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and curve‐fitting method. Results showed that both branched chain and the contents of C=O functional groups in the MLP played a key role in the reaction reactivity. Moreover, temperature of 450 °C was found to be a rapid changing temperature point on the enhancement of thermal conversion of MLP. The stacking height (Lc), parallel layers (N), average number of aromatic rings in each layer (n), ratio of ‘impurity’ structure (RI), ratio of amorphous carbon structure (RAC), ratio of graphite carbon structure (RGC), and ratio of defects graphite carbon structure (RDGC) exhibited a significant change with the improvement of liquid‐phase carbonization temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Conversion Behavior of Medium–Low–Temperature Coal Tar Pitch During Liquid–Phase Carbonization Process

Zhu

Zhao

et al. 2019

ChemistrySelect

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“…The treatment of phenol extraction of coal tar was favorable for converting a heavy distillate to a light fraction, with the naphtha yield reduced by 8.69 wt % and phenols increased by 13.58%. Gang et al70 explored the effect of NiW/γ-Al 2 O 3 and NiW/SAPO-11 on the hydrogenation of coal gaseous oil, and the jet fuel obtained was featured with a lower freezing point and higher heat value. Lee et al71 tested the catalytic performance of Mg−Ni−Mo supported by activated charcoal (Mg−Ni−Mo/KOH-AC).…”

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confidence: 99%

Catalytic Conversion of Coal and Biomass Volatiles: A Review

et al. 2020

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This paper presents a review of recent research on direct upgrading of coal/biomass volatiles into aromatics by catalytic pyrolysis and syngas by gasification with catalytic steam reforming. Coal/biomass valorization is considered an important part to fill up the depletion of modern fossil fuel resources. The catalytic pyrolysis process is a potential approach to improve coal tar/bio-oil quality by minimizing its undesirable properties (high viscosity, corrosivity, instability, etc.) and producing renewable fuels and high-value chemicals, such as aromatics (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, etc.). Gasification reforming as a promising process for renewable energy utilization can produce H2-rich syngas. The produced syngas can be further synthesized to fuel and chemicals via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Thus, this study provides a comprehensive review of the research and development of conversion of coal and biomass volatiles in terms of technological types and catalysts. Aspects related to upgrading technology, the reactor type of catalytic pyrolysis and gasification, and the reaction mechanisms to specific products during the catalytic process are also discussed comprehensively. In particular, catalytic upgrading by fast pyrolysis involves a series of reactions, including deoxygenation, cracking, hydrocarbon pool mechanism, aromatization, and condensation, as well as desulfurization and denitrification in the gasification process. Some key points that are to be addressed for the established process of coal and biomass volatile upgrading may include finding multifunctional catalysts and reactor development for improving the efficiency. Expanding and enhancing knowledge about catalyst utilization and fundamental reaction mechanisms in the thermochemical catalytic conversion technologies of coal and biomass will play an important role in the generation of chemicals and carbon-neutral fuels.

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“…Alteration in fuel quality during the process of distribution, especially for the blended fuels found as complicated [29]. The input cost for the distribution of hydroprocessed fuels is more than that of regular jet fuels [30]. The whole procedure from extraction to conversion into fuel to the commercialization of fuel is mostly carried out by different steps of storage and distribution.…”

Section: Distribution Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introspection of Alternative Aviation Fuel Processing Technology: Benchmarks and Challenges

Azam¹,

Alhaj²,

Sulaiman³

et al. 2020

IJEAT

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Aviation industry is one of the main contributors and fastest-growing sectors in the world economy. Fuel consumption from this industry is one of the major issues that have drawn the attention of both professionals and researchers in recent years. The high dependency along with the high consumption of aviation fuel on petroleum plays a crucial role in environmental degradation due to increased carbon dioxide and other emissions, as well as in the increasing rate of fossil fuel depletion. Therefore, various potential technologies have been developed and further investigated to produce alternative aviation fuels, especially biofuels. In this article, principles, sustainability, and main concerns of different alternative aviation fuel processing technologies, with some focus on biofuels, are discussed in challenges and possible remedies. The major ecological problems connected with the application of conventional jet fuels in contrast to The advantages of biofuels implementation in the aviation industry are also highlighted. This work is aimed to show the state of the art of current alternative aviation fuels, their production technologies, and the potentiality of replacing the conventional jet fuel.

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Hydroprocessing of low-temperature coal tar to produce jet fuel

Abstract: Jet fuel was prepared from low-temperature coal tar (LTCT) via two-stage fixed beds that were filled with two commercial catalysts.

Cited by 16 publications

References 52 publications

Thermal Conversion Behavior of Medium–Low–Temperature Coal Tar Pitch During Liquid–Phase Carbonization Process

Thermal Conversion Behavior of Medium–Low–Temperature Coal Tar Pitch During Liquid–Phase Carbonization Process

Catalytic Conversion of Coal and Biomass Volatiles: A Review

Introspection of Alternative Aviation Fuel Processing Technology: Benchmarks and Challenges

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