Hydroprocessing of Maya heavy crude oil in two reaction stages

Preparation of NiMoS nanoparticles for hydrotreating

“…The development of supports with high proportion of macropores partly solves this problem [1][2][3], however, even when macroporous supports are used these catalysts have a short life span, which varies depending on the characteristics of the feed.…”

Modeling the performance of a bench-scale reactor sustaining HDS and HDM of heavy crude oil at moderate conditions

“…For naphtha fraction, low-severity reaction conditions and a simple fixed-bed two-phase (gas and solid catalyst) reactor is required, whereas for heavy oil, depending on the desired objective, the feed can be hydrotreated in single or in series trickle-bed reactors [6] or hydrocracked in moving-or ebullated-bed reactors. In any case, the extent of reactions occurring can vary significantly; for instance, during hydrotreatment of heavy oil, hydrodesulfurization and hydrodemetallization are the most relevant reactions without appreciable change of molecular weight of the feed, while during hydrocracking (HDC) of heavy oil, high conversion of the residue fraction is observed.…”

Elucidation of structural information achievable for asphaltenes via collision-activated dissociation of their molecular ions in MSn experiments: A model compound study

“…They comprise 63 the fraction of petroleum that is soluble in toluene but insoluble 64 in n-alkane [4] and can correspond to up to 20% of crude oil [5]. 65 The elucidation of the structures of the molecules in asphaltenes 66 has far reaching implications [3] since asphaltenes clog pipes used 67 for transportation of crude oil and poison catalysts used in refining 68 [1,[6][7][8][9][10][11]. Further, only few uses exist for asphaltenes, including 69 expensive upgrading to distillates [12], road construction [13] 70 and recently proposed use in organic electronic materials [14,15] [9] to be especially well suited for evaporation and ionization of 114 asphaltenes since it has no bias to more polar analytes and it pro-115 duces only one ion type, molecular ion (M +Å ), for all asphaltene 116 model compounds studied [9].…”