Hydrothermal carbonisation of paper sludge: Effect of process conditions on hydrochar fuel characteristics and energy recycling efficiency

Assis, Englatina I.N.C.; Gidudu, Brian; Chirwa, Evans M.N.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133775

Cited by 21 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 71 publications

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“…Hydrochar resulting from paper mill sludge carbonization has lower ignition temperature and higher burn temperatures compared to bituminous coal [160]. Hydrothermal carbonization has advantages over other treatments of a similar nature, such as pyrolysis, since it does not require prior drying of feedstock due to water acting as a solvent, reactant, and catalyst [161]. During hydrothermal carbonization, the organic compounds of waste hydrolyze into monomers, which can be turned into hydrochar and organic acids by undergoing several reactions such as dehydration, decarboxylation, condensation, and polymerization [162].…”

Section: Hydrochar By Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Conversion of Paper Waste and Rejects into High-Value Materials and Energy

et al. 2023

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The pulp and paper industry (PPI) is a major contributor to the global economy, but it also poses a challenge for waste disposal, as it generates large amounts of several waste streams. Among these, paper rejects are generated during the papermaking process and could account for up to 25% of the produced paper. Moreover, hundreds of millions of tons of paper are produced annually that end up in landfills if not burnt or recycled. Furthermore, the PPI significantly contributes to climate change and global warming in the form of deforestation and water and air pollution. Therefore, the impact of this industry on the sustainability of natural resources and its adverse environmental health effects requires special attention. This review focuses on discussing the sustainable routes to utilize paper waste and rejects from the PPI towards a circular economy. At first, it discusses the industry itself and its environmental impact, followed by the possible sustainable approaches that can be implemented to improve papermaking processes as well as waste management systems, including paper recycling. The literature indicates that paper recycling is crucial because, if appropriately designed, it significantly lowers greenhouse gas emissions, water and resources consumption, and manufacturing costs. However, several concerns have surfaced about the different chemicals that are used to improve recycling efficiency and recycled paper quality. Furthermore, paper recycling is limited to up to seven times. This review, therefore, goes on to highlight several sustainable waste management routes for paper waste utilization other than recycling by emphasizing the concept of converting paper waste and rejects into energy and high-value materials, including biofuels, biohydrogen, biomethane, heat, nanocellulose, hydrochar, construction materials, and soil amendments. Both the benefits and shortcomings of these waste management routes and their applications are discussed. It becomes clear from this review that sustainable management solutions for paper waste and rejects are implementable, but further research and development are still needed.

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Section: Hydrochar By Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Conversion of Paper Waste and Rejects into High-Value Materials and Energy

et al. 2023

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Improving the Biogas Generation Potential from Organic Wastes Using Hydrochar as an Additive Lab-Scale Case Study from Central Sweden: Part 2

Kariis,

Sandberg,

Venkatesh

2024

Energy, Environment, and Sustainability

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Hydrothermal carbonization of sugar beet pulp: optimization and characterization

Yıldız Uzun

2024

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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In this study, the optimum hydrothermal conditions of sugar beet pulp were investigated by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD). The hydrochar obtained from sugar beet pulp (SBP) was optimized for maximum yield and carbon content. Process conditions were chosen with reaction temperatures of 200–240 °C, residence time 60–150 min, and biomass to water ratio of 1:3–1:10. The yield and carbon content of the hydrochar varied with the process parameters. In order to obtain hydrochar with the highest yield and carbon content in optimization, the reaction temperature should be 220.74 °C, the biomass to water ratio should be 1:3, and the residence time should be 95.58 min. High heating value, energy and mass yield, and energy densification ratio of sugar beet pulp and hydrochar were also investigated. The products were characterized using FT-IR, SEM, and ultimate analysis techniques. The Coats-Redfern method was used to estimate the kinetic parameters of the combustion processes. The activation energy values of SBP and SBP-HC products were calculated as 13.88 and 11.46 kJ/mol, respectively. The kinetic data were used to determine the thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS). As a result, the properties of hydrochar produced from sugar beet pulp under optimum conditions have been extensively investigated and the results have shown that hydrochar has potential for use in different areas.

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Hydrothermal carbonisation of paper sludge: Effect of process conditions on hydrochar fuel characteristics and energy recycling efficiency

Cited by 21 publications

References 71 publications

On the Conversion of Paper Waste and Rejects into High-Value Materials and Energy

On the Conversion of Paper Waste and Rejects into High-Value Materials and Energy

Improving the Biogas Generation Potential from Organic Wastes Using Hydrochar as an Additive Lab-Scale Case Study from Central Sweden: Part 2

Hydrothermal carbonization of sugar beet pulp: optimization and characterization

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