Hydrothermal carbonization: Fate of inorganics

Reza, M. Toufiq; Lynam, Joan G.; Uddin, Mohammad Zashim; Coronella, Charles J.

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.12.004

Cited by 416 publications

(308 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As a result, the proportion of trace elements in the water component discharged during the dry-heat treatment was relatively high, even close to 60%. However, during the process of moist-heat treatment, a portion of trace elements may experience morphological changes (Gao et al, 2012;Reza et al, 2013; Xiang et al, 2002) or may be intercepted and absorbed (Lin et al, 2010) by the solid waste component due to a series of complicated thermal chemical reactions in the humid heat tank (Ren, 2006), which results in a smaller proportion of trace elements in the water after the separation of aqueous and solid components (18.73-29.14%) compared with the proportion of trace elements after the dry-heat treatment (23.22-56.45%). Moreover, in the treatment of food waste, the moist-heat reaction is widely used to disintegrate the organic components, converting the complex organic matter into simpler by-products or harmless end products for discharging into the environment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And consequently, studies on dry-heat treatment have mainly focused on the treatment of sludge, fly ash, and other materials Ohm et al, 2009;Ramaroson et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2011a), whereas studies on moist-heat treatment have primarily focused on material synthesis and carbonization treatment (Gao et al, 2012;Lin et al, 2010;Reza et al, 2013;Xiang et al, 2002;Xu and Lancaster, 2008;Yang et al, 2013). But only a few studies have been conducted on the application of these two heat treatments on food waste Jin et al, 2012;Kelley and Walker, 2000), and in particular, studies comparing the effect of trace elements removal on these two heating treatment processes are rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study of the impact of moist-heat and dry-heat treatment processes on hazardous trace elements migration in food waste

Chen

Jin

Qiu

et al. 2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Using laboratory experiments, the authors investigated the impact of dry-heat and moist-heat treatment processes on hazardous trace elements (As, Hg, Cd, Cr, and Pb) in food waste and explored their distribution patterns for three waste components: oil, aqueous, and solid components. The results indicated that an insignificant reduction of hazardous trace elements in heat-treated waste-0.61-14.29% after moist-heat treatment and 4.53-12.25% after dry-heat treatment-and a significant reduction in hazardous trace elements (except for Hg without external addition) after centrifugal dehydration (P < 0.5). Moreover, after heat treatment, over 90% of the hazardous trace elements in the waste were detected in the aqueous and solid components, whereas only a trace amount of hazardous trace elements was detected in the oil component (<0.01%). In addition, results indicated that heat treatment process did not significantly reduce the concentration of hazardous trace elements in food waste, but the separation process for solid and aqueous components, such as centrifugal dehydration, could reduce the risk considerably. Finally, combined with the separation technology for solid and liquid components, dry-heat treatment is superior to moist-heat treatment on the removal of external water-soluble ionic hazardous trace elements.Implications: An insignificant reduction of hazardous trace elements in heat-treated waste showed that heat treatment does not reduce trace elements contamination in food waste considerably, whereas the separation process for solid and aqueous components, such as centrifugal dehydration, could reduce the risk significantly. Moreover, combined with the separation technology for solid and liquid components, dry-heat treatment is superior to moist-heat treatment for the removal of external water-soluble ionic hazardous trace elements, by exploring distribution patterns of trace elements in three waste components: oil, aqueous, and solid components.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the impact of moist-heat and dry-heat treatment processes on hazardous trace elements migration in food waste

Chen

Jin

Qiu

et al. 2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Cellulose has a unique structure, and there is little or no possibility of forming bonds between the inorganic molecules and cellulose. Hemicellulose has the potential to bind some inorganics, but research has shown that a hydrothermal carbonization treatment at 200°C degrades all hemicelluloses while the ash content is not reduced significantly [9,24]. The sodium citrate makes it possible for the lignin to depolymerize and for the citrate ion to form bonds with the metal ions.…”

Section: Treatment Of Corn Stover With Various Organic Chelatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of alkali and earth alkali metals drastically decreases the production of levoglucosan in pyrolysis [6][7][8]. High content of alkali and silicon contributes to slagging and fouling in boilers and heat transfer surfaces of biomass gasifiers thus decreasing the overall thermal efficiency [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Structural ash can vary widely, both in quantity and in composition, in different types of biomass. Pine pulp generally has a very low ash content (0.5 %), while miscanthus and corn stover have ash content of about 8-10 %, and rice hulls have ash content as high as 21 % [9,10]. An effective process of the demineralization of biomass ash without degrading hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin is necessary for improving the conversion processes and reducing waste disposal costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ash reduction of corn stover by mild hydrothermal preprocessing

Reza

Emerson

Uddin

et al. 2014

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Lignocellulosic biomass such as corn stover can contain high ash content, which may act as an inhibitor in downstream conversion processes. Most of the structural ash in biomass is located in the cross-linked structure of lignin, which is mildly reactive in basic solutions. Four organic acids (formic, oxalic, tartaric, and citric) were evaluated for effectiveness in ash reduction, with limited success. Because of sodium citrate's chelating and basic characteristics, it is effective in ash removal. More than 75 % of structural and 85 % of whole ash was removed from the biomass by treatment with 0.1 g of sodium citrate per gram of biomass at 130°C and 2.7 bar. FTIR, fiber analysis, and chemical analyses show that cellulose and hemicellulose were unaffected by the treatment. ICP-AES showed that all inorganics measured were reduced within the biomass feedstock, except sodium due to the addition of Na through the treatment. Sodium citrate addition to the preconversion process of corn stover is an effective way to reduced physiological ash content of the feedstock without negatively impacting carbohydrate and lignin content.

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Elucidating dechlorination of waste polyvinyl chloride under high‐temperature catalytic hydrothermal treatment

Ghalandari,

Scannell,

Reza

2023

AIChE Journal

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This study focused on evaluating the reduction of chlorine content in waste polyvinyl chloride (WPVC) through high‐temperature catalytic hydrothermal treatment (HTT). Catalytic HTT experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of noble metal catalysts (Ru/C, Pt/C, and Pd/C), residence time (0.5, 1, 2, and, 4 h), reaction temperature (300, 325, and 350°C), and catalyst loading (0, 5, and 10 wt%). The findings indicated that dechlorination efficiency can be achieved by 99.01% at 350°C and 1 h, with 10 wt% Pd/C loading. Based on chlorine balance, the chlorine content of the solid phase significantly decreased from 568.8 to 5.64 g kg−1 at the same condition. The catalytic HTT solid residue ash has low chlorine content under most operational conditions. These results suggest that catalytic HTT is an effective method to dechlorinate WPVC as a high‐halogenated waste plastic in order to reduce its harmful effect on the environment.

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Hydrothermal carbonization: Fate of inorganics

Cited by 416 publications

References 31 publications

A study of the impact of moist-heat and dry-heat treatment processes on hazardous trace elements migration in food waste

A study of the impact of moist-heat and dry-heat treatment processes on hazardous trace elements migration in food waste

Ash reduction of corn stover by mild hydrothermal preprocessing

Elucidating dechlorination of waste polyvinyl chloride under high‐temperature catalytic hydrothermal treatment

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