Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of wheat straw: Influence of feedwater pH prepared by acetic acid and potassium hydroxide

Reza, M. Toufiq; Rottler, Erwin; Herklotz, Laureen; Wirth, Benjamin

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.024

Cited by 292 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…When compared to alkaline media, carbonization in acid solution shows more effect on the increment of elemental carbon which contributes to the increment in energy yield during the process. 22 In this study, HCl was selected as the acidic medium because it was a strong acid and was easy to recovery. Among the acids, although H 2 SO 4 also showed a strong acidic property, it is not easy to recover for its poor volatility.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet Torrefaction of Bamboo in Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Microwave Heating

Shen

Sun

et al. 2015

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Bamboo was hydrothermally torrefied in hydrochloric acid solution assisted by microwave heating at 180°C for 5−30 min. For bamboo torrefied in water, the yield of the torrefied bamboo decreased slightly from 96.15% to 85.83% and the hemicellulose content decreased from 31.78% to 25.71% with increased torrefaction severity from 3.27 to 3.89. Whereas for bamboo torrefaction in acid solutions, the yield of the torrefied bamboo was below 51% and hemicellulose was completely removed as evidenced by the fact that the solid residue contained no hemicellulose. The carbon content of bamboo was 48.82% and it increased slightly after torrefaction in water. It raised largely up to 67.03% under torrefaction with 0.4 M HCl solution at 180°C for 30 min. The atomic H/C and O/C ratios of bamboo were 1.479 and 0.694, and as bamboo was wet torrefied, they were in the range of 0.891−1.454 and 0.313−0.676, respectively. The higher heating value (HHV) of the torrefied bamboo increased by 45.20% after torrefaction at 0.2 M HCl for 30 min, which (24.86 MJ kg −1 ) was higher than that of Converse School-Sub C coal (21.67 MJ kg −1 ) and comparable with that of German Braunkohole lignite (25.10 MJ kg −1 ). In addition, the structural modifications of bamboo during the torrefaction process were investigated by chemical component and elemental analyses, CP/MAS 13 C NMR, FTIR, XRD complemented with TG/DTA.

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Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet Torrefaction of Bamboo in Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Microwave Heating

Shen

Sun

et al. 2015

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…In addition, Lynam et al (2011) found that acetic acid additions affected cellulose dissolution and respectively decreased solid yield and increased energy densification of loblolly pine. Reza et al (2015) also reported lower mass yields and higher carbon contents in hydrochar produced from wheat straw through the use of acetic acid. It should be noted that if the additives become partly or entirely neutralized during carbonization their use can be unattractive in industrial scale as they require large inputs of acid or base or expensive recovery and regeneration cycles (Kumar et al, 2015).…”

Section: Individual Response Modelsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The objective of this work was to determine the effect of acid and base additions to the properties of hydrochar produced through hydrothermal carbonization of mixed sludge from the pulp and paper industry. Effects of acids and bases have previously been determined for model compounds such as cellulose (Lu et al, 2014), virgin wood (Lynam et al, 2011) and agricultural residues (Reza et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal carbonization of industrial mixed sludge from a pulp and paper mill

Mäkelä

Benavente

Fullana

2016

Bioresource Technology

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Please cite this article as: Mäkelä, M., Benavente, V., Fullana, A., Hydrothermal carbonization of industrial mixed sludge from a pulp and paper mill, Bioresource Technology (2015), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech. 2015.10.062 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractMixed sludge from a pulp and paper mill was hydrothermally carbonized at 180-260 °C for 0.5-5 h with the use of HCl or NaOH for determining the effect of acid and base additions during sludge carbonization. Based on the results carbonization was mainly governed by dehydration, depolymerization and decarboxylation of sludge components.Additive type had a statistically significant effect on hydrochar carbon content and carbon and energy yield, of which especially energy yield increased through the use of HCl. The theoretical energy efficiencies of carbonization increased with decreasing reaction temperature, retention time and the use of HCl and suggested that the energy requirement could be covered by the energy content of attained hydrochar. The BOD 5 /COD -ratios of analyzed liquid samples indicated that the dissolved organic components could be treated by conventional biological methods.

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“…Reza et al carbonized wheat straw at 200 °C and 6 h carbonization time at pH from 2 to 12. They showed that the O/C-ratios in the hydrochars are always lower at a lower pH, hence the difference in O/C-ratios between feed and hydrochar is higher at lower pH [26].…”

Section: O/c-ratio Between Feed and Hydrochar (Degree Of Carbonization)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Nutrient and Carbon Recovery from Anaerobic Digestate via Hydrothermal Carbonization and Investigation of the Influence of the Process Parameters

Stutzenstein

Bacher

Rosenau

et al. 2017

Waste Biomass Valor

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Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of wheat straw: Influence of feedwater pH prepared by acetic acid and potassium hydroxide

Cited by 292 publications

References 31 publications

Wet Torrefaction of Bamboo in Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Microwave Heating

Wet Torrefaction of Bamboo in Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Microwave Heating

Hydrothermal carbonization of industrial mixed sludge from a pulp and paper mill

Optimization of Nutrient and Carbon Recovery from Anaerobic Digestate via Hydrothermal Carbonization and Investigation of the Influence of the Process Parameters

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