Hydrothermal Carbonization of Lignocellulosic Biomass

Reza, M. Toufiq

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54458-3_12

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Each of these routes results in different products varying from biochar to hydrogen rich gas [20][21][22][23][24]. Hereafter, they are briefly summarized.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Conversion Of Organic Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass: A Literature and Technology Overview

Yakaboylu

Harinck

Smit³

et al. 2015

Energies

183

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Abstract:The supercritical water gasification process is an alternative to both conventional gasification as well as anaerobic digestion as it does not require drying and the process takes place at much shorter residence times; a few minutes at most. The drastic changes in the thermo-physical properties of water from the liquid state to the supercritical state make it a promising technology for the efficient conversion of wet biomass into a product gas that after upgrading can be used as substitute natural gas. The earliest research goes back as far as the 1970s and since then, supercritical water has been the subject of many research works in the field of thermochemical conversion of wet biomass. This article reviews the state of the art of the supercritical water gasification technology starting from the thermophysical properties of water and the chemistry of reactions to the process challenges of such a biomass based supercritical water gasification process plant.

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“…Each of these routes results in different products varying from biochar to hydrogen rich gas [20][21][22][23][24]. Hereafter, they are briefly summarized.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Conversion Of Organic Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, it can be easily pelletized. By-products include aqueous sugars, acids, carbon dioxide and water [21].…”

Section: Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass: A Literature and Technology Overview

Yakaboylu

Harinck

Smit³

et al. 2015

Energies

183

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In nature, biomasses, such as cellulose, lignin, and chitosan, are massively available and could be easily accessed. Considering the sustainability and environmental friendless of natural biomasses, converting these molecules into hydrothermal carbon materials by a hydrothermal method has attracted much attention from researchers. , Many natural biomasses have been used for making carbonaceous materials by hydrothermal treatments, such as palm oil, empty fruit bunch, loblolly pine, wheat straw, and poplar . Depending on the precursor types, their hydrothermal carbonization processes involve complex chemical reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study of the Hydrothermal Carbonization Reaction of Glucose and Its Product Structures

Wang

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In order to systematically understand the hydrothermal carbonization reactions and kinetics of glucose at 180 °C, the structures of intermediate and final chemical products were identified, the conversion paths were clarified, and the conversion rates and yields were calculated. By comparing the hydrothermal reaction paths and kinetics of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), fructose, and glucose, it is proven that HMF is the most important intermediate and the sole precursor of hydrothermal carbon. The degradation of glucose, fructose, and HMF follows the first-order reaction, and the formation of hydrothermal carbon linearly depends on the conversion of HMF. Approximately 28% of HMF is converted from fructose and ∼72% is from glucose. Also, the hydrothermal reaction time-dependent morphologies and structures of the resulting hydrothermal carbon are compared, and their structures before and after heat treatment are characterized.

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“…Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of biomass offers one such alternative. When biomass is subjected to high temperature, high pressure subcritical water between 180–260 °C and 20–70 bar, a black, granular, porous char or “hydrochar” can be produced. , Such hydrochars exhibit similar energy and compositional properties as those of fossil coal, meaning that hydrochar could potentially serve as a renewable substitute for solid fuels in heating and electricity production, soil remediation and enrichment, and carbon sequestration. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Compositional Analysis and Kinetic Modeling of Hydrothermal Carbonization of Australian Saltbush

et al. 2019

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Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) is the thermochemical conversion of biomass in subcritical water to form an energy-enriched "hydrochar" as a renewable replacement for coal. Lignocellulosic biomass contains a variety of complex, interconnected biopolymers with very different physical and chemical structures, including hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, and protein. These differing structures lead to different rates of decomposition during the HTC reaction. Where previous studies have attempted to elucidate these various rates through the use of individual, purified model compounds, the complexity of whole biomass makes understanding these reactions in their natural state difficult. This present study offers a first step toward gaining a more thorough knowledge of the HTC reaction by accurately quantifying the degradation of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin within whole biomass, and producing a simple kinetic and mechanistic model to describe this degradation. Australian saltbush was subjected to HTC at three temperatures (200, 230, 260 °C), and four residence times (0, 15, 30, 60 min). The resultant hydrochars were assayed for hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin content, via HPLC, Updegraff assay, and acetyl bromide assay, respectively. The degradation of each component was measured, and the reaction order n and key Arrhenius parameters reaction rate constant k, activation energy E a , and the pre-exponential factor A 0 were calculated. It was found that hemicellulose degraded fastest (n = 1, E a = 61 kJmol −1 ), cellulose the slowest (n = 0.5, E a = 127 kJmol −1 ), and only a portion of lignin reacted (n = 1, E a = 66 kJmol −1 ), the remaining 22% being stable under HTC conditions.

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Hydrothermal Carbonization of Lignocellulosic Biomass

Cited by 24 publications

References 96 publications

Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass: A Literature and Technology Overview

Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass: A Literature and Technology Overview

Kinetic Study of the Hydrothermal Carbonization Reaction of Glucose and Its Product Structures

Biochemical Compositional Analysis and Kinetic Modeling of Hydrothermal Carbonization of Australian Saltbush

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