Shale oil is a complex organic rock in which kerogen serves as the main source for obtaining liquid hydrocarbons. Traditional methods of light oil extraction prove to be inefficient due to their low bitumen content and high extraction costs. This stimulates the need for the development of new, efficient, and environmentally friendly technologies for the extraction and processing of shale oil. This article proposes a method of hydrothermal conversion of Domanic shale in subcritical and supercritical fluids at various temperatures (300, 350, and 400 °C). Analysis methods include SARA analysis, gas chromatography, GC/MS of saturated and aromatic fractions, IR spectroscopy, Xray tomography of rocks, and others. The results confirm changes in the composition and structure of shale, including hydrocarbon redistribution, changes in resins and asphaltenes, and heterogeneous changes in pore space. These data reveal the influence of hydrothermal conversion of Domanic shale, opening new perspectives for understanding and optimizing the processes of synthetic oil production.