Hydrothermal evolution and ore genesis of the Beiya giant Au polymetallic deposit, western Yunnan, China: Evidence from fluid inclusions and H–O–S–Pb isotopes

He, Wenjun; Yang, Liqiang; Brugger, Joël; McCuaig, T. Campbell; Lü, Yongjun; Bao, Xinshang; Gao, Xue-Quan; Lu, Yiguan; Xing, Yanlu

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.10.035

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…3-192.8 MPa. Therefore, it is expected that the Wandongshan parental magma will achieve water saturation easier, and the fluid exsolution would take place at 1.2-2.4 km, which consistent with the estimated trapping depth for Stage I S-type inclusions (~2 km depth under lithostatic conditions) [17].…”

Section: The Water Content Of the Parental Magmassupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The monzogranite porphyries represent the volumetrically most important igneous rock and are genetically related to the mineralization both at Wandongshan and Bailiancun districts [15,25]. Though the monzogranite porphyries at Wandongshan and Bailiancun districts have similar zircon U-Pb ages (36.2 ± 0.6 Ma and 36.1 ± 0.15 Ma, respectively) [15,17] and the same magma source [22], their mineralization types are different. The Wandongshan monzogranite porphyries form economical porphyry-skarn Fe-Cu-Au mineralization [22][23][24], while the Bailiancun monzogranite porphyries form hydrothermal Pb-Zn veins [22].…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beiya is one of the largest Au deposits in China, with by-products Cu, Fe, Ag, Pb, and Zn [23][24][25]. Au and other ore metals were derived from the alkaline melt as documented by Yang et al [47], and the mineralized fluids at Beiya were mainly derived from magmatic water [16,17]. Those indicate that the Beiya alkaline melt provides ore-forming fluids and metallic elements for the formation of porphyry Au mineralization [16].…”

Section: Implications For Au Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regional tectonics of the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan alkaline porphyry belt showing the distribution of Cenozoic deposits[17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Importance of Magmatic Water Content and Oxidation State for Porphyry-Style Au Mineralization: An Example from the Giant Beiya Au Deposit, SW China

Bao

Yang

et al. 2018

Minerals

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The Beiya Au deposit is the largest Cenozoic Au deposit in the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan porphyry metallogenic belt. Numerous studies document that high water content and fO2 are vital factors for the generation of Au mineralization. In this belt, only the Wandongshan and Hongnitang districts are considered to be of economic importance, while the other districts, such as Bailiancun, are barren. So in order to reveal the importance of water content and oxidation state for Beiya porphyry-style Au mineralization, the amphiboles and zircons compositions are used to evaluate the physicochemical conditions (e.g., pressure, temperature, fO2, and water content) of the Wandongshan ore-fertile porphyries and Bailiancun ore-barren porphyries observed in the Beiya Au deposit. The results show that the water content of the Wandongshan parent magma (≤4.11 ± 0.4 wt %) are slightly higher than those of the parent magma at Bailiancun (≤3.91 ± 0.4 wt %), while the emplacement pressure of the Wandongshan parent magma (31.5–68.6 MPa) is much lower than that of the parent magma at Bailiancun (142.3–192.8 MPa), indicating that the Wandongshan magma reached water saturation earlier. In addition, the Wandongshan porphyries crystallized from more oxidized magma (average of ΔFMQ = +3.5) with an average temperature of 778 °C compared to the Bailiancun porphyries (average of ΔFMQ = +1.5) with a mean magmatic temperature of 770 °C. The Ce4+/Ce3+ ratio of zircon in the Wandongshan ore-related intrusions (average Ce4+/Ce3+ of 62.00) is much higher than that of the Bailiancun barren porphyries (average Ce4+/Ce3+of 23.15), which further confirmed Wandongshan ore-related magma is more oxidized than the Bailiancun barren magma. Therefore, melts that are more enriched in water and with a high oxidation state will be more fertile to form an economic porphyry-style Au system.

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Section: The Water Content Of the Parental Magmassupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implications For Au Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regional tectonics of the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan alkaline porphyry belt showing the distribution of Cenozoic deposits[17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Importance of Magmatic Water Content and Oxidation State for Porphyry-Style Au Mineralization: An Example from the Giant Beiya Au Deposit, SW China

Bao

Yang

et al. 2018

Minerals

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“…Recent numerous studies show that mantle‐derived components exist in the felsic plutons at the convergence edge (Chen, Zhao, Xu, Wang, & Kang, 2012; Deng, Wang, Li, & Santosh, 2014; Gao, Yang, Meng, & Zhang, 2017). These plutons are thought to be the crust formed by the interaction of mantle‐derived magma and the crust (He et al, 2017; Liang et al, 2009). Mafic magmatic enclaves (MMEs) occur in the calc‐alkaline granitoids and have been usually considered as mixing indicators of mantle source and crustal melts (Yang, He, Gao, & Shu, 2017; Zi et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochronology and geochemistry of the Tongjige granodiorites in the Jinshajiang suture zone, SW China: Constraints on petrogenesis and tectonic evolution of the Palaeo‐Tethys Ocean

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2020

Geological Journal

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The Jinshajiang suture zone (JSZ) is one of the most significant tectonic zones in the eastern Tethys area. A large number of plutons are regarded as the result of tectono‐magmatic activities associated with the evolution of the Palaeo‐Tethys Ocean. The Tongjige pluton in the central part of JSZ can indicate the magmatism and its geodynamic evolution. The Tongjige pluton (225.6 Ma) consists mainly of granodiorite with abundant coeval mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) (226.1 Ma). The host granodiorite is calc‐alkaline and typical I‐type, with SiO2 contents ranging from 65.75 to 66.91 wt%. The MMEs have relatively high MgO (4.00–4.07 wt%) and Fe2O3T (9.27–9.40 wt%) abundances and low SiO2 (53.59–53.87 wt%). Both MMEs and host granodiorites are characterized by the enrichment of light rare earth elements and depletion of heavy rare earth elements. They are also negative in Eu and enriched in Th and U, which are consistent with the trace element characteristics of typical island‐arc magmatite. The zircon Hf(t) values (−3.48 to −0.31) are negative, with the model ages of 1.3–1.2 Ga. These petrographic and geochemical characteristics indicated that the Tongjige pluton was derived from the melting of an ancient lower crust and underwent the process of mafic‐felsic magmatic mixing in the post‐collision background. The Triassic granitoids in the JSZ show a temporal–spatial relationship with the subduction zone, which constrain the evolution of the Palaeo‐Tethys Ocean. The mixing mechanism of the Tongjige pluton is associated with the break‐off of a subducted slab, which triggered subsequent upwelling of asthenosphere beneath accreted arc fragments and induced underplate of lithospheric mantle‐derived magmas and mixed with the lower crust‐derived felsic magma. In general, the Late Triassic pluton recorded significant crustal growth and continental development, marking the final stage of subduction‐related magmatism in the JSZ region, after which the region entered into a stage of post‐collision evolution.

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Geochemical and mineralogical contrasts between economic and uneconomic granite porphyries in the Beiya giant Au deposit, southwest China: Implications for petrogenesis and Cu–Au mineralization

Bao

Mao

et al. 2022

Geological Journal

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The Beiya giant porphyry Au deposit is the largest Cenozoic Au deposit in the Jinshajiang Cu–Mo–Au metallogenic belt. Many granite porphyries of ~36 Ma were exposed in the Beiya deposit, including the Wandongshan (WDS) and Hongnitang monzogranite porphyries (HNT–MPs) with economically important Au metal resources, the uneconomic WDS biotite MP, and Putaishan granite porphyry (GP), and subeconomic MPs at Nandaping (NDP) and Matouwan (MTW) prospects. To reveal the fundamental factors that lead to the different fertility of these granitic porphyries, this study uses the biotite and zircon geochemical compositions to evaluate their petrogenetic and magmatic conditions (e.g., F content, pressure, fO2). The results show that biotites from economic WDS and HNT–MPs exhibit moderate F contents (0.85%–2.16%), low n(FeT)/n(FeT + Mg) ratios (average of 0.36), and shallow emplacement depths of 0.19–1.76 km. In contrast, the uneconomic granite porphyries are characterized by variable F contents (0.17%–2.75%), high n(FeT)/n(FeT + Mg) ratios (average of 0.43), and deep emplacement depths of 2.76 to 5.02 km. Moreover, the economic WDS and HNT–MPs display higher average zircon fO2 (ΔFMQ [fayalite–magnetite–quartz] of +0.88) than uneconomic granite porphyries (ΔFMQ of −0.19), further confirming a higher fO2 of the economic granitic porphyries. These features indicate that magmatic fO2 is a critical factor controlling Cu–Au mineralization at the Beiya Au deposit. In comparison with the economic WDS and HNT–MPs, the subeconomic MPs in the MTW and NDP prospects exhibit higher average biotite n(FeT)/n(FeT + Mg) ratios of 0.47 and 0.45, and lower average zircon ΔFMQ of −0.05 and −0.23, suggesting lower magmatic fO2 and thus have relatively weak potentials to form Cu–Au mineralization. Notably, the economic WDS and HNT–MPs have higher biotite XMg ratios than those of the subeconomic and uneconomic granitic porphyries, indicating that the economic MPs were formed by the partial melting of mixed lower crustal materials with more mantle‐derived materials. Therefore, the addition of mantle‐derived materials played an important role in determining the fO2 of the granitic porphyry, thus primarily controlling its fertility of Cu–Au mineralization.

show abstract

Hydrothermal evolution and ore genesis of the Beiya giant Au polymetallic deposit, western Yunnan, China: Evidence from fluid inclusions and H–O–S–Pb isotopes

Cited by 38 publications

References 66 publications

Importance of Magmatic Water Content and Oxidation State for Porphyry-Style Au Mineralization: An Example from the Giant Beiya Au Deposit, SW China

Importance of Magmatic Water Content and Oxidation State for Porphyry-Style Au Mineralization: An Example from the Giant Beiya Au Deposit, SW China

Geochronology and geochemistry of the Tongjige granodiorites in the Jinshajiang suture zone, SW China: Constraints on petrogenesis and tectonic evolution of the Palaeo‐Tethys Ocean

Geochemical and mineralogical contrasts between economic and uneconomic granite porphyries in the Beiya giant Au deposit, southwest China: Implications for petrogenesis and Cu–Au mineralization

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