Hydrothermal Gelation of Aqueous Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspensions

Lewis, Lev; Derakhshandeh, Maziar; Hatzikiriakos, Savvas G.; Hamad, Wadood Y.; MacLachlan, Mark J.

doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00906

Cited by 111 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Colloidal stability and aggregation behavior of sulfated CNC particles were studied in the presence of salts with different valances [34], where the density of aggregates increased with increasing the salt concentration. The morphology of the porous clusters observed in the present study is similar to the morphology of the gels obtained via the hydrothermal gelation of CNC suspensions . The resemblance between the two structures further validates the role of surface charges in gelation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

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Colloidal Behavior of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Presence of Sodium Chloride

et al. 2018

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Aggregation and gelation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) induced by sodium chloride (NaCl) were investigated as a function of NaCl and CNC concentrations. Incorporation of NaCl improved CNCs ability to form clusters via screening surface charges of CNCs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed the formation of porous CNC clusters following NaCl addition. The confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) micrographs indicated the presence of regions with colloid‐rich and colloid‐poor patterns in CNC clusters. Fluorescent brightener 28 was found to have a strong hydrogen bonding to the cellulose surface and used as the staining agent in CLSM. The CLSM images also indicated a dynamic structure for gels, continually rearranging over the course of time. Zeta potential data coupled with CLSM images confirmed the impact of NaCl on the gel formation of CNCs.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Screening charge density through reduction of energy barrier also makes gelation faster. Even in absence of salt, gelation of CNCs with very low charge densities has been reported to be rapid ,. Furthermore, reducing the charge density (desulfation) led to gelation due to annealing at high temperatures …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colloidal Behavior of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Presence of Sodium Chloride

et al. 2018

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“…The CNCs consisted of multi-stacked crystals with a layer spacing of approximately 9 A due to strong hydrogen bonding and cross linkage between nanocrystals. 26,32,33 Since typical CNCs are produced via hydrolysis and neutralization procedures of various cellulose sources (Scheme 1), the sodium sulfonate moieties are always present on the CNC surfaces, generating considerable charges on the surface. 29,32 Sodium sulfonate content in the spray-dried CNC was indicated as approximately 0.183 mmol g À1 , as determined by a titration method (Fig.…”

Section: Cellulose-based Reinforcement Llers and Their Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans crystallization behavior and strong reinforcement effect of cellulose nanocrystals on reinforced poly(butylene succinate) nanocomposites

et al. 2018

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Biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) nanocomposites are polymerized via in situ polymerization of succinic acid (SA) with cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-loaded 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) mixtures. As reinforcement fillers, whisker-like CNCs are first dispersed in alcohol and sequentially spray-dried, before adding them to 1,4-BD. During the polymerization, the remains of sodium sulfonate in the CNC surfaces retard the polycondensation reaction, which is carefully controlled for the CNC-loaded systems. For the 0.1-1.0 wt% CNC-loaded PBS nanocomposites, it is found the nano-fillers are sufficiently dispersed to induce different crystallization behavior of the matrix polymer. The CNCs may initially act as heterogeneous nucleation sites of the molten PBS chains, during melt crystallization. In this case, most of them tend to be pushed out from the growing crystallites, which develop different nanocomposite morphologies with increasing CNC content. Among the resulting nanocomposites, the 0.1 wt% CNCloaded system shows the highest tensile strength of 65.9 MPa, similar to that of nylon 6, as a representative engineering polymer as well as 2 fold elongation at break compared with Homo PBS. The in situ polymerized CNC-loaded PBS nanocomposites are expected to be a 100% biomass material for a virtuous cycle of biorefinery. Moreover, they demonstrate that the CNC-loaded PBS nanocomposite with a low CNC loading content can be used in various commercial applications for pollution abatement.

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“…Gelation of CNC suspensions could also be induced by hydrothermal treatment as reported by Lewis et al They could easily create gels in CNC suspensions for concentrations as low as 1 g/g, meaning that electrostatic repulsions due to half ester groups were very strong. Increasing the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment was shown to enhance desulphonation of CNCs, which favoured the network creation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gelation of crystalline nanocellulose in the presence of hydroxyethyl cellulose

et al. 2017

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In this work, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) was used to induce gelation of electrosterically stabilized cellulose nanocrystal (ECNC) and common cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspensions. The main goals were to shift the gelation point to low concentrations of nanoparticles and clarify the role of interactions between ECNCs in contrast to CNCs. The rheological properties of CNC suspensions were investigated in the presence of HEC with or without CaCl2 while ECNC suspensions would be only mixed with HEC since the addition of salt would not alter the viscoelastic properties of the whole system. The structure build‐up kinetics as well as the viscoelastic properties of the suspensions were compared. CaCl2 was used to induce gelation of CNC suspensions at a solid content as low as 0.2 g/g in the presence of HEC. ECNC suspensions were less sensitive to HEC since the best result obtained for inducing gelation was achieved at a concentration of 4 g/g. All the results presented are explained by the adsorption of HEC on the nanoparticles, which was determined by viscometry. High adsorption level of HEC chains imparted CNCs better colloidal stability in the presence of CaCl2 as compared to pristine CNCs, whereas it did not affect the ECNC colloidal stability.

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Hydrothermal Gelation of Aqueous Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspensions

Cited by 111 publications

References 52 publications

Colloidal Behavior of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Presence of Sodium Chloride

Colloidal Behavior of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Presence of Sodium Chloride

Trans crystallization behavior and strong reinforcement effect of cellulose nanocrystals on reinforced poly(butylene succinate) nanocomposites

Gelation of crystalline nanocellulose in the presence of hydroxyethyl cellulose

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