Hydrothermal growth and investigation of Li-doped zinc oxide crystals of high purity and perfection

Croxall, D.F.; Ward, R. C. C.; Wallace, C. A.; Kell, Richard

doi:10.1016/0022-0248(74)90128-6

Cited by 53 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This result is similar to other reports on ZnO. 4 The light sector contains 5-6 ppm each of aluminum and silicon, twice as much as the dark sector. Analysis of the free electron concentration by temperature dependent Hall effect revealed further differences.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

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High Quality Hydrothermal ZnO Crystals

Suscavage

Harris

Bliss

et al. 1999

MRS Internet j. nitride semicond. res.

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Zinc Oxide crystals have historically been grown in hydrothermal autoclaves with a basic mineralizer; however, doubts have been raised about the quality of such crystals because they have often exhibited large x-ray rocking curve widths and low photoluminescence (PL) yield with large linewidths. Several ZnO crystals were grown hydrothermally and sliced parallel to the c-plane. This resulted in opposite surfaces (the C + and C -) exhibiting pronounced chemical and mechanical differences. Different surface treatments were investigated and compared by PL both at room temperature and liquid helium temperatures, and by double axis X-ray rocking curve measurements. The high quality of hydrothermally-grown ZnO is substantiated by the narrow rocking curve widths and sharp PL peaks obtained. A critical factor in obtaining these results was found to be surface preparation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…2. 4 For crystal growth in the [0001] direction or C + sector, the growth rate was faster and the crystal color is clear to light yellow-green. For the [ 1 000 ] direction or C -sector, the growth rate was about 1/3 as fast and the color is typically dark green.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Quality Hydrothermal ZnO Crystals

Suscavage

Harris

Bliss

et al. 1999

MRS Internet j. nitride semicond. res.

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“…The (0001) surface has a number of growth hillocks arising from the indium contamination. Otherwise, the surface of new growth area is smooth and of high quality despite there are growth zones overlapped on the {0001} faces, observed on the cross-section (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), as shown in Fig.1 The a-and c-parameters of pure hexagonal ZnO are 3.2498 Å and 5.2066 Å, respectively. X-ray diffraction on the doped crystal showed that the a-parameter is 3.243Å, which is 0.2% lower than the pure ZnO value [13], and the c-parameter is 5.210 Å, greater than the undoped lattice constant.…”

Section: Surface Morphology and Crystal Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In short, Li from the mineralizer LiOH is known to incorporate into Zn sites to shrink the lattice [16], while In incorporates into ZnO to expand the lattice [17]. The overgrowth completely encases the seed crystal.…”

Section: Surface Morphology and Crystal Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and optical properties of indium-doped highly conductive ZnO bulk crystals grown by the hydrothermal technique

Wang

Claflin

Jiménez

2018

Oxide-Based Materials and Devices IX

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Indium-doped ZnO bulk crystals grown by the hydrothermal method are highly-conductive, with resistivity at 0.01 Ωcm at room temperature as revealed by Hall-effect measurement. In this paper we report on structural and optical properties of these crystals. The grown In:ZnO crystals have been studied by high resolution X-ray diffraction, micro-Raman scattering and low-temperature photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence. It was found that the c lattice parameter of the grown In:ZnO crystal expanded 0.06% with respect to the lithium-doped ZnO crystal seed, and the In-doped ZnO overgrew the seed crystal pseudomorphically but with high quality crystallinity; the X-ray rocking curves show the FWHM of the Zn face and O faces are only 0.05 o and 0.1 o ; and the indium concentration in the crystal reaches the solubility limit. Raman spectra show strain relaxation gradually from the regrowth interface as well as a weak spectral feature at 723 cm -1 . The peak at 312 cm -1 noticed in hydrothermally grown In:ZnO nanostructures does not appear in our In-doped crystals, indicating that this peak may be associated with specific defects (e.g. surface related) of the nanostructures. Photoluminescence measurements show that an indium donor bound exciton peak I 9 (In 0 X) is the dominant peak in the PL spectrum, located at 3.3586 eV on the zinc face and 3.3577 eV on the oxygen face. Both of them deviated from the consensus literature value of 3.3567 eV, probably due to strain in the crystal induced by impurities.

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“…Many studies on the growth of ZnO films have used c-plane sapphire as substrate [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, the heteroepitaxy of ZnO on sapphire presents several problems due to differences in their chemical nature, structure and lattices parameters [12]. Furthermore, it is known that the properties of thin solid film are closely related to its microstructure, morphology and surface roughness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural, morphology and optical properties of Zn_(1-x)Cd_xO solid solution grown on c-plane sapphire substrate

Fouzri

Boukadhaba

Oumezzine

et al. 2012

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Zn (1-x) Cd x O solid solutions with a composition ranging from pure ZnO up to x=0.046 have been grown on cplane sapphire substrates by using metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MO-CVD). The lattice deformation, morphology and optical properties of these films were examined in detail using high resolution X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and photoluminescence (PL) as Cd incorporation. Our study reveals significant microstructure modification of Zn (1-x) Cd x O from x≥0.7% but single phase of wurtzite structure is maintained for all films. The Pl spectra and the band gap of the Zn(1-x)CdxO film show red shift to visible light range which is interpreted in terms of band gap modulation due to Cd incorporation. Increase of Cd content leads to the emission broadening with growing lower energy peak (at 10K) and degraded crystallinity.

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Hydrothermal growth and investigation of Li-doped zinc oxide crystals of high purity and perfection

Cited by 53 publications

References 11 publications

High Quality Hydrothermal ZnO Crystals

High Quality Hydrothermal ZnO Crystals

Structural and optical properties of indium-doped highly conductive ZnO bulk crystals grown by the hydrothermal technique

Structural, morphology and optical properties of Zn_(1-x)Cd_xO solid solution grown on c-plane sapphire substrate

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Hydrothermal growth and investigation of Li-doped zinc oxide crystals of high purity and perfection

Cited by 53 publications

References 11 publications

High Quality Hydrothermal ZnO Crystals

High Quality Hydrothermal ZnO Crystals

Structural and optical properties of indium-doped highly conductive ZnO bulk crystals grown by the hydrothermal technique

Structural, morphology and optical properties of Zn(1-x)CdxO solid solution grown on c-plane sapphire substrate

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Structural, morphology and optical properties of Zn_(1-x)Cd_xO solid solution grown on c-plane sapphire substrate