Hydrothermal interaction between basaltic glass, deionized water and seawater

Ghiara, Maria Rosaria; Franco, Enrico; Petti, Carmela; Stanzione, D.; Valentino, G.M.

doi:10.1016/0009-2541(93)90146-a

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…2). Such high pH has been also reported in other experiments of waterbasalt reactions in a batch-type hydrothermal system (Ghiara et al, 1993;Berger et al, 1994) and in natural freshwater (Gislason and Arnórsson, 1993). The pH increased over time, which is consistent with the previous reports.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Basaltic rocks contain these elements within glass and silicate minerals. Previous experimental studies have indicated that these elements are dissolved from the basaltic glasses in ultra-pure water due to the dissolution reactions of silicate minerals (Gislason and Eugster, 1987;Ghiara et al, 1993;Berger et al, 1994) as described above. Our results are consistent with the previous studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…To date, hydrothermal experiments have been mainly performed using batch-type apparatuses that simulate a closed system (Seyfried, Jr. and Mottl, 1982;Ghiara et al, 1993;Gislason and Arnórsson, 1993). In particular, batch experiments of basalt-seawater reactions have been performed under high temperature (300°C or higher) and high pressure (50 MPa or higher) conditions (e.g., Seyfried, Jr. and Mottl, 1982).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Elemental dissolution of basalts with ultra-pure water at 340°C and 40 Mpa in a newly developed flow-type hydrothermal apparatus

et al. 2013

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NOTE 89(sea)water that occur in these extreme environments (e.g., Yoshizaki et al., 2009).To date, hydrothermal experiments have been mainly performed using batch-type apparatuses that simulate a closed system (Seyfried, Jr. and Mottl, 1982;Ghiara et al., 1993;Gislason and Arnórsson, 1993). In particular, batch experiments of basalt-seawater reactions have been performed under high temperature (300°C or higher) and high pressure (50 MPa or higher) conditions (e.g., Seyfried, Jr. and Mottl, 1982). In contrast, flowing conditions can occur in open systems (i.e., flow-through systems), where kinetic water-rock reactions and flow rates strongly affect fluid compositions. Here, we developed a new flow-type hydrothermal apparatus to perform experiments in an open system under flowing conditions. This apparatus can reproduce water-rock reactions at elevated temperatures and pressures (up to 500°C, 50 MPa) under flow-through conditions, corresponding to a water-rock reaction zone in the sub-seafloor hydrothermal systems. Furthermore, the apparatus can also reproduce the mixing of hydrothermal fluids with cool seawater. A flow- July 20, 2012; Accepted January 4, 2013) To simulate the discharge zone of hydrothermal systems in the laboratory, we developed a flow-type hydrothermal apparatus that can reproduce water-rock reactions at elevated temperatures and pressures under flow-through conditions and also the mixing of hydrothermal fluids with seawater. Using this apparatus, basaltic rocks were reacted with ultrapure water at 340°C and 40 MPa for 1271 h under flow-through conditions. An increase in Al, Fe, K, Na, P and Si in the reacted water was observed during the experiment, reproducing the process of dissolution from the basaltic rocks. An increase in pH to 9 during the experiment can be attributed to the dissolution of silicate minerals in the basaltic rocks. That the pH in the experiment is higher than the pH observed in natural hydrothermal fluids at mid-ocean ridges is a result of higher Si concentrations observed in the experiment than those of natural hydrothermal fluids.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elemental dissolution of basalts with ultra-pure water at 340°C and 40 Mpa in a newly developed flow-type hydrothermal apparatus

et al. 2013

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“…SEM image of smectite with clinoptilolite from pyroclastic flow of Sardinia. (Barth-Wirsching and H611er, 1989;Ghiara et al, 1993;Ghiara and Petti, 1996), the interaction of glass with solutions of different composition will lead to different assemblages. At a given temperature and reaction time, different assemblages were synthesized from rhyolitic glass and NaOH, KOH solutions, or deionized water (BarthWirsching and H611er, 1989).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glass-water interaction is commonly regarded as a dominant reaction in volcanic rock/water systems, where it largely contributes to mass transfer at an early stage of alteration. During rock-water interaction, differences in the reaction products, crystallization sequences, and reaction kinetics seem to be related to several intensive variables such as interaction times, hydrological system (closed or open), temperature, pH, chemical composition of contact solutions, and starting materials (Boles, 1988;BarthWirsching and Holler, 1989;Crovisier et al, 1990Crovisier et al, , 1992Ghiara et al, 1993;Daux et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Clinoptilolite and Mordenite in Tertiary Calc-Alkaline Pyroclastites from Sardinia (Italy)

Ghiara

Petti

Franco

et al. 1999

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstrae~Clinoptilolite and mordenite occur as diagenetic products of medium-grained, moderately welded and poorly sorted pyroclastic flows belonging to the Tertiary calc-alkaline volcanism of Sardinia. Both clinoptilolite and mordenite occur within pyroclastic flows of the same stratigraphic unit. Mordenite frequently occurs in the late volcanic sequences from Anglona area (northern Sardinia). Textural features indicate that zeolites are products of glass alteration. Thin sections show either complete alteration of glassy shards by clinoptilolite and mordenite or unaltered shards with clinoptilolite or mordenite confined to the cineritic matrix. During the zeolitization process, interacting fluids were important in the mobilization and distribution of alkali elements. The compositional variations of clinoptilolite and mordenite within a single sample showed trends that suggest steps in a continuous process probably evolving towards equilibrium conditions.

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Mineral paragenesis on Mars: The roles of reactive surface area and diffusion

et al. 2017

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Geochemical models of secondary mineral precipitation on Mars generally assume semiopen systems (open to the atmosphere but closed at the water‐sediment interface) and equilibrium conditions. However, in natural multicomponent systems, the reactive surface area of primary minerals controls the dissolution rate and affects the precipitation sequences of secondary phases, and simultaneously, the transport of dissolved species may occur through the atmosphere‐water and water‐sediment interfaces. Here we present a suite of geochemical models designed to analyze the formation of secondary minerals in basaltic sediments on Mars, evaluating the role of (i) reactive surface areas and (ii) the transport of ions through a basalt sediment column. We consider fully open conditions, both to the atmosphere and to the sediment, and a kinetic approach for mineral dissolution and precipitation. Our models consider a geochemical scenario constituted by a basin (i.e., a shallow lake) where supersaturation is generated by evaporation/cooling and the starting point is a solution in equilibrium with basaltic sediments. Our results show that cation removal by diffusion, along with the input of atmospheric volatiles and the influence of the reactive surface area of primary minerals, plays a central role in the evolution of the secondary mineral sequences formed. We conclude that precipitation of evaporites finds more restrictions in basaltic sediments of small grain size than in basaltic sediments of greater grain size.

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Hydrothermal interaction between basaltic glass, deionized water and seawater

Cited by 35 publications

References 27 publications

Elemental dissolution of basalts with ultra-pure water at 340°C and 40 Mpa in a newly developed flow-type hydrothermal apparatus

Elemental dissolution of basalts with ultra-pure water at 340°C and 40 Mpa in a newly developed flow-type hydrothermal apparatus

Occurrence of Clinoptilolite and Mordenite in Tertiary Calc-Alkaline Pyroclastites from Sardinia (Italy)

Mineral paragenesis on Mars: The roles of reactive surface area and diffusion

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