Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass for bio-crude production: A review on feedstocks, chemical compositions, operating parameters, reaction kinetics, techno-economic study, and life cycle assessment

Mishra, Ranjeet Kumar; Kumar, Vineet; Kumar, Pradeep; Mohanty, Kaustubha

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123377

Cited by 111 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…Biomass and organic waste materials Biorefinery (i.e., conversion of biomass into value added products such as biodiesel, biochar, biomass co-digestion, biochemical processes, etc.) Naqi et al, 2019;Parsons et al, 2020;Mishra et al, 2022 Conversion of organic wastes (i.e., dairy by-product) into value-added product (i.e., biogas, biofuel, enzymes, etc.) Sar et al, 2021;Kumar et al, 2022 Modification of lignocellulosic bast fibers for polymer engineering "Cloud computing" OR "Big data" OR "Genetic algorithm".…”

Section: Area Of Focus Relevant Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future era of techno-economic analysis: Insights from review

et al. 2022

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Techno-economic analysis (TEA) has been considered an important tool to evaluate the economic performance of industrial processes. Recently, the application of TEA has been observed to have exponential growth due to the increasing competition among businesses across various industries. Thus, this review presents a deliberate overview of TEA to inculcate the importance and relevance of TEA. To further support the aforementioned points, this review article starts with a bibliometric analysis to evaluate the applicability of TEA within the research community. Conventional TEA is widely known to be conducted via software modeling (i.e., Python, AMIS, MATLAB, Aspen HYSYS, Aspen Plus, HOMER Pro, FORTRAN, R, SysML and Microsoft Excel) without involving any correlation or optimization between the process and economic performance. Apart from that, due to the arrival of the industrial revolution (IR) 4.0, industrial processes are being revolutionized into smart industries. Thus, to retain the integrity of TEA, a similar evolution to smart industries is deemed necessary. Studies have begun to incorporate data-driven technologies (i.e., artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain) into TEA to effectively optimize both processes and economic parameters simultaneously. With this, this review explores the integration of data-driven technologies in the TEA framework. From literature reviews, it was found that genetic algorithm (GA) is the most applied data-driven technology in TEA, while the applications of blockchain, machine learning (ML), and artificial neural network (ANN) in TEA are still considerably scarce. Not to mention other advanced technologies, such as cyber-physical systems (CPS), IoT, cloud computing, big data analytics, digital twin (DT), and metaverse are yet to be incorporated into the existing TEA. The inclusion of set-up costs for the aforementioned technologies is also crucial for accurate TEA representation of smart industries deployment. Overall, this review serves as a reference note for future process engineers and industry stakeholders who wish to perform relevant TEA, which is capable to cover the new state-of-art elements under the new modern era.

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Section: Area Of Focus Relevant Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future era of techno-economic analysis: Insights from review

et al. 2022

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“…Atmospheric flash pyrolysis is a more promising process for bio-oil production and has been extensively tested. On the other hand, hydrothermal carbonization, operating at low temperatures (180-250°C) and high pressures (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10), may have a future potential. Still, it is in the early stages of development and needs further investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Still, it is in the early stages of development and needs further investigation. This technology has the advantages of converting biomass into biocrude with high heating value and eliminating feedstock pre-drying; however excessive water expenditure and high pressure make the process highly complex, hazardous and expensive [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Pyrolysis Products of Industrial Wastes as Potential Feedstocks for Bioenergy and Biofuels

Vamvuka¹,

Esser²,

Marinakis³

et al. 2023

Adv Environ Eng Res

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This work aimed at evaluating all products from the low-temperature pyrolysis (350°C) of some industrial wastes, cotton stems and seeds (CSS), grape husks and curls (GRH), undigested sewage sludge (USS) and their blends in a fixed bed system and suggesting their possible applications. Solid and liquid products, biochars, and bio-oils were analyzed using various techniques by physicochemical, mineralogical, and chemical analyses. Gases were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using a thermogravimetric-mass spectrometry system. All biochar samples could be used for soil amendment. Co-application with composts or other by-products to soils could be more advantageous. USS and its blends with CSS or GRH at percentages 20% and 30% presented an increased potential for carbon sequestration and release of nutrient nitrogen to plants. Biochars of CSS and GRH and their blends with 10% USS, having a significant calorific value (21-24 MJ/kg), could be considered satisfactory for energy valorization purposes. The bio-oils produced from current wastes having density 0.95-1.22 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, pH 3.3-6.6, viscosity 118-381 cP, and heating value 20.4-28.1 MJ/kg, could substitute heavy fuel oil in static applications after a de-oxygenation process. The higher heating value of pyrolytic gas corresponding to CSS was low. In contrast, that corresponding to GRH and USS (9-10 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>) is considered satisfactory for the energy requirements of the pyrolysis process at low temperatures.

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“…3 The use of HTL has been extensively studied for the conversion of single-source waste feeds into an energy dense biocrude that is a biofuel precursor. [3][4][5][6][7] High-lipid feedstocks have been shown to achieve yields upwards of 40 wt.% 3,8,9 in comparison to the 10 -30% yields seen with lignocellulosic HTL. 10 HTL biocrude yields are highly dependent on feedstock compostion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 The work also identified > 20% unique elemental formula in biocrude obtained from algae-pine mixtures that were absent from either biocrude obtained from HTL of pure feeds. 23 Synergy was reported for processing a mixture consisting of 50% algae and 50% pine, which coincided with the increase in N1O3 and N2O3 species range identified by FT-ICR MS. 23 While the study with algae and pine points to a potential molecular interpretation of synergistic effects for mixed feeds, both algae and pine are relatively simple and comparatively expensive feeds compared with municipal wastes, 9 meaning that similar analysis is needed for abundant and inexpensive feeds like food waste and green waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergent chemical behavior in mixed food and lignocellulosic green waste hydrothermal liquefaction

LeClerc

Page²,

Tompsett

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising strategy for conversion of energy-dense waste streams to fuels. Mixed-feed HTL aggregates multiple feed streams to achieve greater scales that capitalize on local resources, hence lowering costs. The potential for new pathways and products upon feedstock blending becomes a compounding level of complexity when unlocking emergent chemistries. Food and green waste streams were evaluated under HTL conditions (300 °C, 1 hr) to understand the effect of feed molecular composition on product distributions and mechanisms. Thousands of emergent chemical compounds were detected via FT-ICR MS, ultimately leading to the emergence of two dominant outcomes. First, the presence of small amounts of food waste into green waste results in substantial decarboxylation and subsequent polymerization to biocrude then chars. Second, in the other limit, small amounts of green waste promote capping of oxygenates into the biodiesel range, such as with the emergence of fatty acid methyl esters.

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Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass for bio-crude production: A review on feedstocks, chemical compositions, operating parameters, reaction kinetics, techno-economic study, and life cycle assessment

Cited by 111 publications

References 180 publications

Future era of techno-economic analysis: Insights from review

Future era of techno-economic analysis: Insights from review

Evaluation of Pyrolysis Products of Industrial Wastes as Potential Feedstocks for Bioenergy and Biofuels

Emergent chemical behavior in mixed food and lignocellulosic green waste hydrothermal liquefaction

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