Hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae over transition metal supported TiO2 catalyst

Wang, Wenjia; Xu, Youtong; Wang, Xiaoxiao; Zhang, Bokun; Tian, Wenying; Zhang, Jinglai

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.051

Cited by 119 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…These high yields are linked to the low amounts of solid residue obtained in the catalytic processes (0.50 wt% to just under 6 wt%) in comparison with the solid yield in the thermal reaction (7.60 ± 0.70 wt%). This increase in the liquefied fraction and a low yield of the solid residue was observed previously in the HTL of rice husk and microalga Nannochloropsis with the same type of catalysts [37,40]. Table 3 shows the elemental analysis, HHV and energy recovery (ER) of the biocrudes obtained with the metal oxide-catalysed HTL and the non-catalysed process.…”

Section: Effects Of Catalysts On the Yields Of Hydrothermal Liquefactsupporting

confidence: 70%

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Microalga Using Metal Oxide Catalyst

et al. 2019

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The yield and composition of the biocrude obtained by hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Nannocloropsis gaditana using heterogeneous catalysts were evaluated. The catalysts were based on metal oxides (CaO, CeO 2 , La 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 ). The reactions were performed in a batch autoclave reactor at 320 • C for 10 min with a 1:10 (wt/wt) microalga:water ratio. These catalysts increased the yield of the liquefaction phase (from 94.14 ± 0.30 wt% for La 2 O 3 to 99.49 ± 0.11 wt% for MnO 2 ) as compared with the thermal reaction (92.60 ± 1.20 wt%). Consequently, the biocrude yields also raised in the metal oxides catalysed HTL, showing values remarkably higher for the CaO (49.73 ± 0.9 wt%) in comparison to the HTL without catalyst (42.60 ± 0.70 wt%). The N and O content of the biocrude obtained from non-catalytic HTL were 6.11 ± 0.02 wt% and 10.50 ± 0.50 wt%, respectively. In this sense, the use of the metal oxides decreased the N content of the biocrude (4.62 ± 0.15-5.45 ± 0.11 wt%), although, they kept constant or increased its O content (11.39 ± 2.06-21.68 ± 0.03 wt%). This study shows that CaO, CeO 2 and Al 2 O 3 can be promising catalysts based on the remarkable amount of biocrude, the highest values of C, H, heating value, energy recovery, and the lowest content of N, O and S.

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Section: Effects Of Catalysts On the Yields Of Hydrothermal Liquefactsupporting

confidence: 70%

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Microalga Using Metal Oxide Catalyst

et al. 2019

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“…Moreover, the energy recovery corroborates with biocrude yields. In this study, ER were 71% for M1, 67% for M2, 75% for M3, 89% for M4 and 86% for M5 and were within the range of reported scientific literature [3,5,27]. Skakya et al, [5] reported ER of 47% for Chlorella sp., 78% for Scenedesmus sp.…”

Section: Effect Of Separation Protocols On Energy Densitysupporting

confidence: 51%

“…when operating at 220 o C to 320 o C at 30min. Wang et al, [3] reported ER of 43% to 61% from HTL of Nannochloropsis sp. at reaction temperature of 300 o C and 30min time with different catalysts.…”

Section: Effect Of Separation Protocols On Energy Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HTL is important in sustainable production of energy and chemicals, and it is a green process. Importantly, HTL obviates high energy-intensive step associated with drying of biomass as normally applied in other thermochemical processes such as gasification and pyrolysis [3,4]. Products obtained from HTL of microalgae are biocrude, solid residue, aqueous and gas phases [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of separation methods on yield and quality of biocrude after thermochemical liquefaction of marine microalgae

Eboibi

2018

Nig. J. Tech.

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Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising process for conversion of microalgae to biocrude that is upgradable to liquid transportation fuel. However, there is yet to be established standard separation method for product recovery. In this paper, the effects of separation methods on yields and quality of biocrude were investigated. HTL studies were conducted at operating conditions of 350 o C and 5min with solids loading of 16wt%. The results shows that multistep extraction of product mixture led to ~65wt% biocrude yield compared to ~48wt% for single step. Multistep extraction led to increase in biocrude yield, with lower yields in solid residue and aqueous phases. However with the trade-offs of nitrogenous and oxygenated compounds in biocrude. Quality of biocrude was improved after vacuum evaporation of biocrude phase at 100 o C when compared to evaporation at 40 o C. The separation methods had little impact on biocrude energy density, which varies between 34MJ/kg and 38MJ/kg, 1.5 and 1.7 for hydrogen-tocarbon atomic ratios.

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“…Conversion of algae in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts might cover the deficiency of homogeneous catalysts. Commonly, heterogeneous catalysts include zeolites (e.g., H-ZSM-5), supported metal catalysts (Pt/C), and other metal oxide supported catalysts (e.g., sulfide CoMo/Al 2 O 3 and Ni/TiO 2 ) [117][118][119]. These materials have strong activity for bonds cleavage, resulting in facilitation of macromolecule degradation and conversion of oxygenates and nitrogenates to high-grade hydrocarbons.…”

Section: Catalytic Htl With Heterogeneous Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Thermochemical Conversion of Algae and Upgrading of Algal Oil for the Production of High-Grade Liquid Fuel: A Review

Zhou

2020

Catalysts

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The depletion of fossil fuel has drawn growing attention towards the utilization of renewable biomass for sustainable energy production. Technologies for the production of algae derived biofuel has attracted wide attention in recent years. Direct thermochemical conversion of algae obtained biocrude oil with poor fuel quality due to the complex composition of algae. Thus, catalysts are required in such process to remove the heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. This article reviews the recent advances in catalytic systems for the direct catalytic conversion of algae, as well as catalytic upgrading of algae-derived oil or biocrude into liquid fuels with high quality. Heterogeneous catalysts with high activity in deoxygenation and denitrogenation are preferable for the conversion of algae oil to high-grade liquid fuel. The paper summarized the influence of reaction parameters and reaction routes for the catalytic conversion process of algae from critical literature. The development of new catalysts, conversion conditions, and efficiency indicators (yields and selectivity) from different literature are presented and compared. The future prospect and challenges in general utilization of algae are also proposed.

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Hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae over transition metal supported TiO2 catalyst

Cited by 119 publications

References 49 publications

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Microalga Using Metal Oxide Catalyst

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Microalga Using Metal Oxide Catalyst

Effects of separation methods on yield and quality of biocrude after thermochemical liquefaction of marine microalgae

Catalytic Thermochemical Conversion of Algae and Upgrading of Algal Oil for the Production of High-Grade Liquid Fuel: A Review

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