Hydrothermal mixing, carbonate dissolution and sulfide precipitation in Mississippi Valley-type deposits

Corbella, M.; Ayora, Carlos; Cardellach, Esteve

doi:10.1007/s00126-004-0412-5

Cited by 109 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…A much smaller flux of 0.01 m/y is considered in layer 1 consisting of a mixture of dolomite, quartz and clays (illite). The values used for the fluxes are reasonable when compared to the fluxes used in other reactive transport models applied to sediment-hosted Zn-Pb deposits (Corbella et al, 2004). Flow boundaries are open to the right side of the inflow and at the bottom, to allow a lateral and a downward migration of the fluid from layer 2 at the top into layer 1.…”

Section: Reactive Transport Modellingmentioning

confidence: 73%

Reactive transport modelling of ore mineral zoning and the paragenesis of copper sulfides in sediment-hosted stratiform ore deposits, the Katanga Copperbelt (DRC)

Muchez

Corbella²

2016

Geol. Belg.

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ABSTRACT. Reactive transport modelling was carried out to simulate the transport and precipitation conditions of copper sulfide minerals in the sediment-hosted ore deposits of the Central African Copperbelt. The results illustrate the advancement of a mineral front due to the reaction of copper-rich fluids with host rocks. Chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2 ) initially precipitates in the reducing host rock and pyrite (FeS 2 ) dissolves, but the latter re-precipitates as a halo beyond the chalcopyrite. Continuous supply of copper causes the formation of the copper-rich sulfide bornite (Cu 5 FeS 4 ) followed by chalcocite (Cu 2 S) with precipitation of chalcopyrite and pyrite further down the flow direction. Anhydrite disappears where both copper sulfides and pyrite are precipitated. The modelled sulfide paragenesis and the general distribution of these minerals correspond to patterns observed in rocks within the Katanga Copperbelt.

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Section: Reactive Transport Modellingmentioning

confidence: 73%

Reactive transport modelling of ore mineral zoning and the paragenesis of copper sulfides in sediment-hosted stratiform ore deposits, the Katanga Copperbelt (DRC)

Muchez

Corbella²

2016

Geol. Belg.

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“…The discharge of these brines is hydraulically controlled by the Dead Sea and groundwater level changes (Shalev et al 2007). Such brines could emerge also in the past enhancing cave formation as also described in other locations (e.g., Corbella et al 2003Corbella et al , 2004.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The effect of a reducing environment, related to hydrothermal solutions coupled with the presence of H 2 S, on carbonate dissolution, was discussed in several studies (e.g. Corbella et al 2003Corbella et al , 2004. Mixing of several hydrothermal solutions can result in sulphide precipitation and carbonate dissolution (Corbella et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of hydrogeological base level in the formation of sub-horizontal caves horizons, example from the Dead Sea Basin, Israel

Kafri

Yechieli

2010

Environ Earth Sci

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This paper deals with the hydrogeological relationship between base levels of saline lakes and the formation of sub-horizontal caves. The mechanism presented here suggests that many horizontal cave levels in carbonate sequences are created adjacent to the saline lakes shorelines because of the converging of the groundwater flow above the fresh-saline water interface. The main factors that control enhanced carbonate dissolution and cave formation are high groundwater flow velocities in the shallow phreatic zone during a relative long steady state of the water table. High groundwater flow velocities are evident close to the Dead Sea due to the convergent fast flows above the shallow interface adjacent to the shoreline. The same could prevail in the case of previous paleo-lakes that existed in the basin. The synergetic combination of the above preconditions for enhanced cave formation seems to be responsible for the formation of elevation-controlled alignment of paleo-near shore cave levels in the central and southern (Dead Sea) portion of the study area. These are found on the western fault escarpment and basin margin in different stratigraphic horizons of carbonate lithology. Many of the cave levels can be linked to late QuaternaryHolocene lake levels obtained from dated lake sediments within the basin. The most common cave's elevation was found to be around 200 m below sea level which was the elevation of the Lisan Lake during part of its history. On the other hand, the Hula Basin in the northern part of the Dead Sea Basin was not occupied by saline water bodies since its formation as a base level, and thus the above preconditions for enhanced cave formation did not prevail.Indeed, this is evident by the lack of horizontal cave levels on its western carbonate margins unlike the situation in the south.

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“…Given geological, geochemical, and fluid inclusion characteristics mentioned above for the Nanmushu Zn-Pb deposit, it is consistent with typical MVT deposits. They are epigenetic deposits, which are hosted in carbonatedominated sedimentary rocks, generally stratabound and stratiform with sulfide minerals replacing carbonates and filling open spaces in the host rocks [29,55]. Most of the world's MVT Zn-Pb deposits occur in orogenic forelands and mineralizations are accompanied by tectonic movement [29,56].…”

Section: Genetic Type Of the Depositmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature and Evolution of the Ore-Forming Fluids from Nanmushu Carbonate-Hosted Zn-Pb Deposit in the Mayuan District, Shaanxi Province, Southwest China

et al. 2017

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The Nanmushu carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb deposit is located in the Mayuan district of Shaanxi Province, a newly discovered metallogenic district next to the Sichuan Basin, in the northern margin of the Yangtze Block, which is the largest and the only one that is currently mined in this district. The 34 S values of sulfides are characterized by positive values with a peak around +18‰, and the reduced sulfur may have derived from reduction of SO 4 2− from paleoseawater or evaporitic sulfates that have possibly been leached by basinal brines during mineralization stage. Detailed fluid inclusion study shows two types of fluids in the sphalerite, quartz, dolomite, calcite and barite, that is, aqueous-salt dominant inclusions (type I) and hydrocarbon-bearing inclusions (type II). The Laser Raman spectroscopy study shows occurrence of certain amount of CH 4 , C 4 H 6 , and bitumen. The salinities show similar values around 6 to 12 wt% NaCl equivalent but a decreasing temperature from early to late stages (typically 200 ∘ to 320 ∘ C in stage I, 180∘ to 260 ∘ C in stage II, and 140 ∘ to 180 ∘ C in stage III). These features may be related to basinal brines mixing between an external higher salinity CaCl 2 ± MgCl 2 -rich fluid and a local H 2 O-NaCl methane-rich fluid.

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Hydrothermal mixing, carbonate dissolution and sulfide precipitation in Mississippi Valley-type deposits

Cited by 109 publications

References 57 publications

Reactive transport modelling of ore mineral zoning and the paragenesis of copper sulfides in sediment-hosted stratiform ore deposits, the Katanga Copperbelt (DRC)

Reactive transport modelling of ore mineral zoning and the paragenesis of copper sulfides in sediment-hosted stratiform ore deposits, the Katanga Copperbelt (DRC)

The role of hydrogeological base level in the formation of sub-horizontal caves horizons, example from the Dead Sea Basin, Israel

Nature and Evolution of the Ore-Forming Fluids from Nanmushu Carbonate-Hosted Zn-Pb Deposit in the Mayuan District, Shaanxi Province, Southwest China

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