Hydrothermal performance of different alumina hybrid nanofluid types in plate heat exchanger

Experimental investigation of Al2O3–MgO hot hybrid nanofluid in a plate heat exchanger

“…HyNfs were prepared using the same procedure as used by Bhattad et al 13 with 0.1 v% concentration and 4:1 particle volume ratio, that is, 80% alumina and 20% magnesia nanoparticles. The measurement technique of different thermophysical properties of fluids had also been discussed by Bhattad et al 13 Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide has been used to avoid the agglomeration/accumulation of nanoparticles at the bottom. A stability test has been done before conducting the experiments by keeping the prepared sample in the test tube until 10 hours.…”

“…Experimental data have been used for different performance calculations. The procedure followed for data reduction of energy–exergy analysis and experimental validation has been adopted from Bhattad et al 13 Some of the significant relations are provided in this section.…”

“…For estimating the system's performance, PI has been introduced as a ratio of heat transfer rate to pump work, 13 and calculated as: …”

“…Method of uncertainty analysis is given in Bhattad et al 13 Uncertainties in various parameters are as follows: Inlet temperature is 0.2%, outlet temperature is 0.21%, flow rate is 2.5%, pump work is 5.9%, heat transfer rate is 4.5%, heat transfer coefficient is 6.3%, PI is 7.2%, and irreversibility is 6.5%.…”

“…Bhattad et al 12 considered the influence of particle volume ratio for Al 2 O 3 –MWCNT/water HyNf and observed that MWCNT nanofluid gives the best performance. Bhattad et al 13 found that Al 2 O 3 –SiC HyNf as a cooling agent is best in terms of energy performance among different studied combinations. Bhattad et al 14‐16 used HyNfs in PHE for low‐temperature zones and found a cognitive enhancement in the performance.…”