Hydrothermal pyrolysis of swine manure to bio-oil: Effects of operating parameters on products yield and characterization of bio-oil

Xiu, Shuangning; Shahbazi, Abolghasem; Shirley, Vestel; Cheng, Dan

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2010.02.011

Cited by 181 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…At the same time, the disappearance of the characteristic absorption peak at 1520 cm −1 indicated that lignin had been decomposed. These results were consistent with many previous studies on hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: hemicelluloses is the first to decompose at low temperature (180 °C), lignin began to degrade at 190 °C, and all of the hemicelluloses and much of the lignin dissolved in the water at 220 °C to form intermediates [18,19]. A new band at 1702 cm is most likely derived from the unconjugated ketone and carboxyl group stretching.…”

Section: Ft-ir Analysis Of Solid Residuesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Similarly, hydrothermal liquefaction of paulownia also showed that high temperatures (>320 °C) enhanced the yield of SR [19]. They concluded that it was due to the competition of two reactions (hydrolysis and polymerization) involved in the hydrothermal liquefaction process and it is widely accepted that the polymerization reactions are the main reaction at high temperatures [18,19]. Figure 2(a-1) shows that the yield of ASSR (carbohydrates) decreased over the whole temperature range, and the yield of AISR increased after 220 °C.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature On Yield Of Solid Residuementioning

confidence: 98%

“…This trend of SR yield against temperature was consistent with the results in literature for other biomass types. Xiu et al [18] have investigated hydrothermal liquefaction of swine manure and found that the yield of SR first decreased and then increased with the increase in temperature. Similarly, hydrothermal liquefaction of paulownia also showed that high temperatures (>320 °C) enhanced the yield of SR [19].…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature On Yield Of Solid Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the Mechanism of Cypress Liquefaction in Hot-Compressed Water through Characterization of Solid Residues

Liu

Yang

et al. 2013

Energies

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Abstract:The mechanism of hydrothermal liquefaction of cypress was investigated by examining the effects of temperature and retention time on the characteristics of the solid residues remaining after liquefaction. The solid residues were divided into acid-soluble and acid-insoluble residues. Results showed the polymerization reactions also mainly occurred at low temperatures. The reactive fragments transformed into acid-insoluble solid residue in the form of carbon and oxygen through polymerization reactions. The process of cellulose degradation consists of two steps: an initial hydrolysis of the more solvent-accessible amorphous region and a later hydrolytic attack on the crystalline portion. Hemicelluloses were decomposed into small compounds during the initial stage of the cypress liquefaction process, and then these compounds may rearrange through polymerization to form acid-insoluble solid residues above 240 °C. The higher heating value of the solid residues obtained from liquefaction at 260-300 °C was 23.4-26.3 MJ/kg, indicating that they were suitable for combustion as a solid fuel.

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Section: Ft-ir Analysis Of Solid Residuesupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Effect Of Temperature On Yield Of Solid Residuementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Effect Of Temperature On Yield Of Solid Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the Mechanism of Cypress Liquefaction in Hot-Compressed Water through Characterization of Solid Residues

Liu

Yang

et al. 2013

Energies

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“…Hydrothermal pyrolysis is a feasible method for waste treatment and conversion of wastes into liquid bioproducts such as bio-oil. Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass is a depolymerization process to break the solid organic compounds into smaller fragments [21].…”

Section: Hydrothermal Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Impacts of Hydrogen Production by Hydrothermal Gasification of a Real Biowaste

Bircan¹,

Matsumoto²,

Kitagawa³

2012

Gasification for Practical Applications

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“…During the studies conducted in recent years, the liquefaction products usually obtained from biomass (i.e., cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin) liquefaction or pyrolysis have been analyzed by GC-MS. Xiu et al (2010) studied the hydrothermal liquefaction of swine manure to bio-oil. They found that the bio-oil products were mainly composed of aromatic hydrocarbons, carbonyl group, alkenes, nitrogenous compounds, carboxylic acids, phenol, and their derivatives.…”

Section: Gc-ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Characterizations of Liquefaction of Celluloses in Sub- and Super-Critical Ethanol

Zheng¹,

Tao²,

Xie³

2012

BioResources

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Effects of reaction conditions (temperature, retention time, and cellulose/ ethanol ratio) on biomass liquefaction in sub-and super-critical ethanol were investigated in this work. The liquefaction system was divided into the following fractions: a volatile organic compounds fraction, a gas fraction, a heavy oil fraction, a water-soluble oil fraction, and a solid residue fraction. Results showed that for three samples, the SR yield of microcrystalline cellulose was highest compared with corn stalk cellulose and rice straw cellulose at the same temperature, while the HO yield was lowest in the liquefaction process. At the same retention time in supercritical ethanol, the SR yield of microcrystalline cellulose was highest, suggesting that the microcrystalline cellulose was difficult to liquefy. The effect of different samples on liquefaction in ethanol with various cellulose/ethanol ratios can be clearly seen from the distribution yields. The FT-IR analysis of the solid residues showed that the structure of celluloses changed after liquefaction. The GC-MS analysis showed that the volatile organic compounds, water-soluble oil, and heavy oil comprised a mixture of organic compounds, which mainly included furfural, acids, furans, esters, and their derivatives. XRD analysis revealed that the decomposing reaction primarily occurred within amorphous zones of the celluloses at the low temperatures. Keywords: Liquefaction; Cellulose; FT-IR; XRD; GC-MS INTRODUCTONThe demand for energy has been increasing dramatically due to the rapid increase in the world's population and developing technologies. Meanwhile the current energy resources have limited reserves and are decreasing (Ozcimen and Karaosmanoglu 2004). Today, biomass is considered a renewable resource with high potential for energy production. Biomass can be converted to various forms of energy through numerous thermo-chemical conversion processes, depending upon the type of energy desired (Yanik et al. 2007).Among the many thermo-chemical procedures, biomass liquefaction into liquid fuel is a promising one, during which the common products are gas, liquid, and char. Liquefaction has many advantages such as, (1) The presence of solvent dilutes the concentration of the products, thus tending to minimize cross-linked reactions and reverse reactions, and (2) The processing temperature is relatively low (less energy consumption) in comparison with other thermo-chemical processes (such as pyrolysis and gasification) (Liu and Zhang 2008). Some articles have reported on the liquefaction of biomass; the presence of solvents has been shown to effectively lower the viscosity of heavy oil derived from biomass liquefaction (Demirbas 2000).

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Hydrothermal pyrolysis of swine manure to bio-oil: Effects of operating parameters on products yield and characterization of bio-oil

Cited by 181 publications

References 25 publications

Understanding the Mechanism of Cypress Liquefaction in Hot-Compressed Water through Characterization of Solid Residues

Understanding the Mechanism of Cypress Liquefaction in Hot-Compressed Water through Characterization of Solid Residues

Environmental Impacts of Hydrogen Production by Hydrothermal Gasification of a Real Biowaste

Distribution and Characterizations of Liquefaction of Celluloses in Sub- and Super-Critical Ethanol

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