Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Synthesis of Graphene Quantum Dots and Their Biological Applications

Xu, Minghan; Li, Zhaohui; Zhu, Xingzhong; Hu, Nantao; Wei, Hao; Yang, Zhi; Zhang, Yafei

doi:10.5101/nbe.v4i3.p65-71

Cited by 49 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Since then, many studies concerning C-dots have been reported [2-4]. C-dots have attracted much attention due to their well-defined, nearly isotropic shapes together with their ultrafine dimensions and tunable surface functionalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbon dots (C-dots) are a new member of the carbon nanomaterial family after C 60 , carbon nanotubes, and graphene and were firstly discovered by accident when researchers were trying to purify single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) fabricated by arc discharge methods [ 1 ]. Since then, many studies concerning C-dots have been reported [ 2 - 4 ]. C-dots have attracted much attention due to their well-defined, nearly isotropic shapes together with their ultrafine dimensions and tunable surface functionalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A multifunctional ribonuclease A-conjugated carbon dot cluster nanosystem for synchronous cancer imaging and therapy

et al. 2014

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Carbon dots exhibit great potential in applications such as molecular imaging and in vivo molecular tracking. However, how to enhance fluorescence intensity of carbon dots has become a great challenge. Herein, we report for the first time a new strategy to synthesize fluorescent carbon dots (C-dots) with high quantum yields by using ribonuclease A (RNase A) as a biomolecular templating agent under microwave irradiation. The synthesized RNase A-conjugated carbon dots (RNase A@C-dots) exhibited quantum yields of 24.20%. The fluorescent color of the RNase A@C-dots can easily be adjusted by varying the microwave reaction time and microwave power. Moreover, the emission wavelength and intensity of RNase A@C-dots displayed a marked excitation wavelength-dependent character. As the excitation wavelength alters from 300 to 500 nm, the photoluminescence (PL) peak exhibits gradually redshifts from 450 to 550 nm, and the intensity reaches its maximum at an excitation wavelength of 380 nm. Its Stokes shift is about 80 nm. Notably, the PL intensity is gradually decreasing as the pH increases, almost linearly dependent, and it reaches the maximum at a pH = 2 condition; the emission peaks also show clearly a redshift, which may be caused by the high activity and perfective dispersion of RNase A in a lower pH solution. In high pH solution, RNase A tends to form RNase A warped carbon dot nanoclusters. Cell imaging confirmed that the RNase A@C-dots could enter into the cytoplasm through cell endocytosis. 3D confocal imaging and transmission electron microscopy observation confirmed partial RNase A@C-dots located inside the nucleus. MTT and real-time cell electronic sensing (RT-CES) analysis showed that the RNase A@C-dots could effectively inhibit the growth of MGC-803 cells. Intra-tumor injection test of RNase A@C-dots showed that RNase A@C-dots could be used for imaging in vivo gastric cancer cells. In conclusion, the as-prepared RNase A@C-dots are suitable for simultaneous therapy and in vivo fluorescence imaging of nude mice loaded with gastric cancer or other tumors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multifunctional ribonuclease A-conjugated carbon dot cluster nanosystem for synchronous cancer imaging and therapy

et al. 2014

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“…The temperature plays a major part in the GQD texture in this process. Poorly ordered GQDs are synthesized at low temperature, and high crystallinity of GQDs is obtained at high temperatures 92 . The hydrothermal treatment of glucose can prepare boron‐doped GQD (BGQD) in the presence of boric acid, which has high electrocatalytic activity than undoped GQDs 93 …”

Section: Synthesis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and graphene quantum dots in fuel cell application: An overview

2020

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Summary Carbon quantum dots (CQD) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been mentioned frequently. They have been selected in recent studies as they have unique and remarkable potential, especially in electrical, optical, and optoelectrical properties. CQD and GQDs have very high chemical and physical stability due to inherent inert carbon material, thus newly recognized as a kind of quantum dots material. Its environmentally friendly, non‐toxic, and naturally inactive nature is also a major attraction for scientists around the world. In this work, CQD and GQDs production methods are discussed in detail, including soft‐template method, hydrothermal method, microwave‐assisted hydrothermal (MAH) method, metal‐catalyzed method, liquid exfoliation method, electron beam lithography method, and others. Additive material has been introduced in CQD and GQDs to increase the ability and performance of CQD and GQDs such as nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, fluorine, and potassium. In particular, the presence of additive material in CQD and GQDs shows an advantage in terms of energy level, which is very good at achieving specific requirements in properties such as optical, electrical, and optoelectrical. In addition, the existence of functional groups consisting of heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, boron, and so on of zero‐dimensional carbon materials in providing an overabundance of the active electrochemical site for the reaction. The product of CQD and GQDs has various shapes and sizes influenced by several parameters such as synthesis temperature, growth time, source concentration, catalyst, and so on. The application of CQDs and GQDs composites in fuel cells has been clearly and scientifically stated as it has enhanced the performance of fuel cell technology.

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“…The unique structure and property characteristics of GQDs make them attractive for bioimaging. Although tremendous progress has been achieved and a number of review articles on the synthesis, property and applications of GQDs in the fields of biosensing [19,36,37,41], drug delivery and photodynamic therapy [35,[42][43][44], energy-rated (photovoltaic devices, fuel cells, light-emitting diodes, catalysis and photocatalysis, etc.) [24,28,[45][46][47] and environmental monitoring [48][49][50] summarized, a focused overview on design and synthesis of GQDs for bioimaging is still missing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Graphene Quantum Dots as Bioimaging Probes

Zhang

Ding

2018

J. Anal. Test.

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The emerging graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have gained tremendous attention for their enormous potential in biological applications, owing to their unique and tunable photoluminescence properties, exceptional physicochemical features, high biocompatibility, small sizes and low costs. This mini review aims to update the latest results in rapidly evolving bioimaging research and to provide critical insights into exciting future developments. We firstly provide a brief review of their synthesis and optical properties and then place emphasis on both in vitro and in vivo imaging applications. Graphical AbstractKeywords Graphene quantum dots · Photoluminescence · Bioimaging probe · In vitro imaging · In vivo imaging

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Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Synthesis of Graphene Quantum Dots and Their Biological Applications

Cited by 49 publications

References 42 publications

A multifunctional ribonuclease A-conjugated carbon dot cluster nanosystem for synchronous cancer imaging and therapy

A multifunctional ribonuclease A-conjugated carbon dot cluster nanosystem for synchronous cancer imaging and therapy

Carbon and graphene quantum dots in fuel cell application: An overview

Recent Advances in Graphene Quantum Dots as Bioimaging Probes

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