Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of samarium doped BiPO4 with enhanced photocatalytic activity under UV radiation

WITHDRAWN: Enhanced Visible-Light Promoted Photocatalytic Activity of Mn3O4-based Photocatalysts in Removal of Methylene Blue

“…At the same time, the adsorbed photogenerated holes oxidize the water molecules or the surface-bound hydroxide species to provide HO • species. The generation of O 2 −• and HO • as the principal reactive species in the photodegradation process, leads to the degradation of MG dye 49 .This revealed that the doping of Zr 4+ (or Sm 3+ )can afford an impressive charge carrier trap and promote the excited electron transfer and inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electron with hole 50 .iii) Mn 3+ ions can interact with hydroxyl ion and generate hydroxyl radicals Eq (16). iv) The photogenerated electrons in conduction band ( − ) can act as reducing agents by itself or be further interacted with the molecular oxygen, water, hydroxyl ions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the Mn3O4 surface, to generate different types of oxidant radicals (including O 2 −• , HO • and HOO • ) v) The photo generated holes (ℎ + ) , have enough potential to act as oxidizing agents for degradation of organic dye (such as MB) or provide an interaction with OH − or water or hydrogen peroxide to generate hydroxyl, HO • , or other types of radicals which are highly oxidizing agents.…”

“…12) exhibit that the optimal values of Sm and Zr contents for doping Mn3O4 are seems to be the molar ratio of 0.02 and 0.1, displaying degradation percentage of 92.26% and 98.40%, respectively. The increased photocatalytic activity may be due to trapping of photogenerated electrons by Sm or Zr dopant and its potential in decreasing the probability of electron-hole recombination and the observed red shift for the band gap of Mn3O4 nanoparticles as well 50 . This result exhibits the effectiveness of Sm or Zr doping on improvement of the photocatalytic activity of Mn3O4.…”

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VISIBLE-LIGHT-DRIVEN Ce-DOPED CdS NANOWIRES FOR PHOTODEGRADATION OF RHODAMINE B

“…The unit cell parameters are a = 4.1388 Å and c = 6.7125 Å for pure CdS sample and a = 6.7125 Å and c = 6.6666 Å for the 3% Ce-doped CdS sample. Thus, the unit cell volume of pure CdS sample is slightly larger than that of 3% Ce-doped CdS nanostructure due to the introduction of cerium ions into CdS lattice [13][14][15]. The photocatalytic activities of CdS with different concentration of Ce dopant were studied through the degradation of RhB under visible light irradiation within 120 min.…”

“…The degradation efficiency of CdS nanowires under visible light irradiation within 120 min is 92.02% while those of 1%Ce-doped CdS, 2%Ce-doped CdS and 3%Ce-doped CdS were increased to 93.52%, 94.76% and 95.75%, respectively. Clearly, the Ce dopant played the role in improving the photocatalytic performance of CdS because Ce acted as an electron acceptor and inhibited the recombination of electrons and holes during photocatalytic reaction [13,15]. The kinetics behavior for photodegradation of RhB over CdS and Ce-doped CdS was further investigated and the pseudo-first-order reaction model is shown in Fig.…”

“…Nevertheless, the photocatalytic performance of CdS is limited by its rapid recombination of photo-generated charge carriers in photocatalytic reaction under visible light irradiation and photo-corrosion in air [2,8,9]. Thus, rare earth metal ions such as La, Ce, Yb, Tb, Pr and Sm are doped in the semiconductor photocatalyst which can lead to improve the photocatalytic performance by inhibiting the combination of photo-excited electron and photoinduced hole pairs and to enlarge the range of light absorption of the semiconductor [5,[13][14][15].…”