Hydrothermal synthesis and electrical properties of NaNbO3

Structure evolution, dielectric, and conductivity behavior of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-Bi(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3 ceramics

“…A systematic loss peak exhibits at the measuring frequency region. With increasing temperature, the peak frequency (relaxation frequency, f max ) moves toward high frequency, which indicates a thermally activated relaxation behavior [39][40][41]. This relaxation behavior indicates that elevating temperature accelerates the hopping or migration of charge carriers (electrons, holes, and ions).…”

“…The conductivity behavior describes the many-body mutual actions between dipoles and charge carriers. It can be established by the following equation ("universal dielectric response" (UDR) law [40,41]):…”

Effect of Bi2O3content on the microstructure and electrical properties of SrBi2Nb2O9piezoelectric ceramics

“…2,29 Additionally, it is clear that the peaks were asymmetric and broadened and their positions shied toward higher frequency side with the temperature increasing, suggesting the presence of electrical processes in the materials with a different relaxation time. 30 The DC resistivity of the SBN-xBi ceramic as a function of reciprocal temperature was shown in the inset of Fig. 5.…”

Studies on structural, dielectric and optical properties of (Ba0.95Ca0.05)1−x(Ti0.8Sn0.2)1−xNaxNbxO3 lead-free ceramics

“…The bands situated between 60-101 cm À1 are related to Na + translational movements, while the vibrational band located at 144 cm À1 is associated with the Ba 2+ stretching vibration. 32 A small shi in the intensity and frequency is observed for these bands with increasing composition x. Accordingly, the Raman modes observed at approximately 177 and 263 cm À1 are attributed to the n 6 and n 5 modes, respectively, which are in turn assigned to the (Nb-O) bending vibration of the NbO 6 octahedra.…”