“…In recent decades, under the decline of fossil fuels and the increasing environmental issues, it is urgent to develop a renewable, clean, and sustainable energy source to ensure the rapid and healthy development of the economy. − As a result, clean storage/conversion systems such as metal–air batteries, water-splitting, and fuel cells have been significantly enhanced. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) occupy a significance position in the complex redox reactions of these energy conversion/storage systems, especially metal–air batteries. − However, due to the kinetically sluggish ORR and OER, it is highly necessary to develop an effective bifunctional catalyst to promote the reaction processes and enhance the catalytic stability. − Till date, although noble-metal-based catalysts have aroused much interest as a result of their high catalytic activity, they do not possess bifunctional catalytic characteristics and have limited natural resources and high prices. − Therefore, it is urgent to exploit earth-abundant and highly efficient bifunctional catalysts.Transition-metal catalysts have recently drawn great attention, thanks to their earth-abundant nature, cost-effectiveness, and environment friendliness. , Among them, a large number of studies have shown that cobalt-based materials have considerable catalytic properties, electrochemical stability, and reversibility for both ORR and OER, , including their hydroxide, oxides, and nitrides . Co-based catalyst can effectively accelerate the kinetics of oxygen catalytic reaction and promote the process of complex redox reaction in alkaline electrolytes.…”