Hydrothermal synthesis in presence of carbon black: Particle-size reduction of iron hydroxyl phosphate hydrate for Li-ion battery

Transmogrifying waste blister packs into defect-engineered graphene-like turbostratic carbon: novel lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery anode with noteworthy electrochemical characteristics

“…The choice of templating methods, hydrothermal synthesis, and self-assembly influence the morphology of carbon materials and are generally not economically scalable processes. [10][11][12] Numerous research groups have performed extensive research on the preparation of carbon-based electrodes obtained from a variety of biowaste materials, including Borassus flabellifer inflorescence, crop stalks, rice straw, peanut shell, rice husks, green tea, pomelo peel, coffee shells, and bamboo. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Research investigations into carbon anodes has indicated that nanostructured carbon has noticeable benefits, including delivering improved rate performance, high lithiation ability, and outstanding cycling stability.…”

Electrochemical Mechanism and Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on the Electrochemical Performance of Fe1.19(PO4)(OH)0.57(H2O)0.43 Cathode Material for Li-Ion Batteries

“…The absence of lithium in the pristine material and the relatively low voltages make them obvious candidates for coupling with a lithium metal anode considering that significant progress in this direction has been reported recently. − The Fe 1.19 □ 0.81 (PO 4 )­(OH) 0.57 (H 2 O) 0.43 (FPHH) phase, where □ represents Fe vacancy, was previously obtained by hydrothermal synthesis . The same method was also used with addition of carbon black in the solution to obtain FPHH/C composites . The crystalline structure of FPHH was indexed in a tetragonal cell with the space group I 41/ amd .…”

“…In both cases, the values are lower than the theoretical value of 178 mAh g –1 as expected for the full reduction of Fe 3+ into Fe 2+ , but the effect of 10–20 wt % carbon black added during the hydrothermal synthesis was found to significantly improve the electrochemical performances by reducing the particle size, increasing the surface area, and improving the electronic conductivity of the electrode material. This electrode material exhibits a good cyclability even at high current density with a capacity retention of 99% after 150 cycles …”

“…12 The same method was also used with addition of carbon black in the solution to obtain FPHH/C composites. 13 The crystalline structure of FPHH was indexed in a tetragonal cell with the space group I41/amd. FPHH is formed by perpendicular chains of face-sharing iron octahedra developing along the [100] and [010] directions forming channels for ion diffusion.…”

“…This electrode material exhibits a good cyclability even at high current density with a capacity retention of 99% after 150 cycles. 13 In order to improve the homogenization of the electrode material while maintaining the particle morphology and the electronic percolation previously obtained with carbon black, we propose in the present work to include carbon nanotubes instead of carbon black in the precursor solution for hydrothermal synthesis, leading to FPHH/CNT composite. We show that such a procedure improves the electrochemical performance, providing a specific capacity for the first galvanostatic discharge close to the theoretical value and excellent cycle life.…”