Hydrothermal synthesis of PANI nanowires for high-performance supercapacitor

Abstract

Polyaniline nanowires (PANI NWs) were synthesized under different temperatures through a facile hydrothermal method and used as electrodes for high-performance pseudocapacitor. The resulting samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron micrographs, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrochemical properties of these PANI electrodes are studied by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge test, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 0.5M H2SO4 aqueous solution. The highest specific capacitance is obtained on the PANI NWs synthesized under 80°C (PANI-80) with 540.0 F g−1 at current density of 0.5 A g−1 accompanied with 82% specific capacitance retention after 1000 charge discharge cycles at 5 A g−1 current density.

Geomimetic Hydrothermal Synthesis of Polyimide‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks

“…[4] In addition, the use of hydrothermal reactions is promising for the synthesis of organic materials because of its simplicity,e nvironmental sustainability,and low cost. [5][6][7][8][9] Conventional organic reactions do not typically occur in water under ambient conditions;h owever,u nder hydrothermal conditions,t he physicochemical properties of water change significantly as ar esult of the breakage of the hydrogen-bonded water network. [10] Forexample,the density and viscosity of water decrease significantly under hydrothermal conditions,t hus affecting diffusion-controlled chemical reactions.F urthermore,t he dielectric constant of water changes continuously and may even match that of common organic solvents under ambient conditions.…”

Smart-Fabric-Based Supercapacitor with Long-Term Durability and Waterproof Properties toward Wearable Applications

“…The characteristic peaks at 1590, 1490, 1241, 1165, and 814 cm –1 were attributable to C–C stretching in the quinoid ring, CN stretching of quinoid, C–N stretching in benzenoid rings, C–H in-plain bending, and C–H out-of-plane bending of quinoid ring, respectively. The high intensity of the C–N + stretching vibration at 1331 cm –1 suggested that the PANI in the composite was in a doped state. ,− What’s more, the results also could be supported by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization in Figure S1a, b. The energy-dispersive spectrum (EDS) mapping images exhibited in Figure S2 and Figure h–k also suggest the presence and uniform disperse of the synthesized PANI.…”

Bifunctional copper-zinc bimetallic tungstate nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide (CuZnWO4/rGO) for high-performance photocatalytic and supercapacitor application

“…or charge/discharge time decreases with increasing energy density, due to the fact of that the electrolyte-ions are unable to entirely access the internal surface area of the active-materials for charge-storing owing to the decreased diffusion time at high energy density. The Cs is calculated from GCD using the following equation [41][42][43]]…”