Hydrothermally engineered WO3 nanoflowers: A selective detection towards toxic NO2 gas

Dual Shield: Bifurcated Coating Analysis of Multilayered WO3/BiVO4/TiO2/NiOOH Photoanodes for Sustainable Solar-to-Hydrogen Generation from Challenging Waters

“…To accomplish this, we examined six samples [referenced as (i–iv) in Figure ] represents before and after PEC reactions for analysis. From Figure a–g, we observed major peaks corresponding to W 4d 5/2 (247.6 eV), W 4d 3/2 (260.3 eV) (Figure a), Bi 4f 5/2 (164.7 eV), Bi 4f 7/2 (159.4 eV) (Figure b), Ti 2p 1/2 (464.7 eV), Ti 2p 3/2 (458.9 eV) (Figure c), V 2p 1/2 (524.4 eV), V 2p 3/2 (516.8 eV) (Figure e), Ni 2p 1/2 (874.1 eV), and Ni 2p 3/2 (856.5 eV) (Figure f). ,− These were attributed to oxidation states of +6, +3, +4, +5, and +3 for W, Bi, Ti, V, and Ni, respectively. ,− The XPS spectra of O 1s in Figure d indicated an insignificant oxidation state of O (−2) with lattice oxygen (metal–O) at 530.5 eV, along with a shoulder at 532 eV confirming surface-adsorbed oxygen (–OOH). These results emphasized that the oxidation state of (a) W, (b) Bi, and (c) Ti remained relatively stable even after extended PEC reactions.…”

In‐Memory‐Computed Low‐Frequency Noise Spectroscopy for Selective Gas Detection Using a Reducible Metal Oxide

“…[ 27,28 ] Such features are explained by Hooge's mobility fluctuation (HMF) model. [ 27,33 ] In both cases, 1/ f γ noise with γ ∼ 1 is dominant in the low‐frequency domain. However, the FET‐type gas sensor with the WO 3 sensing layer shows a Lorentzian curve with a distinct f c at f = 100 Hz, as shown in Figure 3c.…”

“…Finally, we experimentally realize an in‐memory‐computed FFT system for LFN spectroscopy using a 3D vertical‐NAND (V‐NAND) flash array. The proposed LFN spectroscopy for selective detection has merits in terms of reliability and energy efficiency compared to previous studies that adopt nanostructured sensing materials [ 33 ] or a dense array of sensors, which requires complicated data processing. [ 34 ] The results in this study pave the way for the building of area‐ and energy‐efficient gas sensing systems for selective detection with excellent reliability.…”

Influence of the Camphor Sulphonic Acid (CSA) Intercalation on the Micro‐structural and Gas Sensing Properties of Polyaniline‐CeO2 Nanohybrid for NH3 Gas Detection

“…The static mode is employed for the gas sensing investigations. The specific concentration (100 ppm) of different oxidizing and reducing gases were injected in chamber and gas response of a sensor was measured using following relation 2 [48,49] $$$\vcenter{\openup.5em\halign{$\displaystyle{#}$\cr {\bf R e s p o n s e}{\rm \ }\left({\rm \char37 }\right)={{|{{\bf R}}_{{\bf a}}-{{\bf R}}_{{\bf g}}|}\over{{{\bf R}}_{{\bf a}}}}{\bf X}{\rm \ }100\ \hfill\cr}}$$$ …”

“…The static mode is employed for the gas sensing investigations. The specific concentration (100 ppm) of different oxidizing and reducing gases were injected in chamber and gas response of a sensor was measured using following relation (2) [48,49] Response % ð Þ ¼ jR a À R g j R a X 100…”