Hydrothermally grown nanostructured WO<sub>3</sub> films and their electrochromic characteristics

Jiao, Zhenjun; Sun, Xiao Wei; Wang, Jinmin; Ke, Lin; Demir, Hilmi Volkan

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/43/28/285501

Cited by 121 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…7 shows the dynamic coloration/bleaching characteristics of the ECD, recorded at the wavelength of 700 nm. The coloration and bleaching times (c and b), defined as time required for achieving 70 % of the total transmission change [37,38] was found to be 9.3 s and 1.2 s respectively, which means that the coloring kinetics is slower than the bleaching one. The faster bleaching time is due to the good conductivity of the tungsten bronze (KxWO3) and the conductor (KxWO3) to semiconductor (WO3) transition.…”

Section: Figure 6 Optical Density Variationwith Respect To the Chargmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochromism in tungsten oxide thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition

Velevska

Stojanov

Pecovska-Gjorgjevich

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Sci. Eng.

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Section: Figure 6 Optical Density Variationwith Respect To the Chargmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochromism in tungsten oxide thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition

Velevska

Stojanov

Pecovska-Gjorgjevich

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Sci. Eng.

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“…The detailed procedures for preparing crystal seed layers can be found elsewhere [24]. In a typical experiment for preparing the precursor, Na 2 WO 4 ·2H 2 O (0.0655 g) was dissolved into 20 mL of de-ionized water and then 4 mL of HCl was added into the solution until no more precipitate was formed.…”

Section: Preparation Of Crystal Seed Layers Precursor and Hydrothermmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For electrochromic applications, WO 3 nanostructures need to be assembled as a thin film on conductive substrates and the microstructures of the film concerning the electrochromic performance largely depend on the film assembling techniques and processing conditions. Such thin films of WO 3 have been grown by vacuum deposition [21], electrodeposition [22], sol-gel [23] and hydrothermal method [24,25]. Hydrothermal approach is one of the most promising methods for fabricating WO 3 film because of its merits of low cost, low reaction temperature, flexible substrate selection and easy scalingup for production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high coloration efficiency of 102.8 cm 2 /C and fast switching response of 4.2 s for coloration and 7.6 s for bleaching is achieved for this film. Our group has also fabricated nanobrick WO 3 film on transparent conductive substrate using a crystal-seed-assisted hydrothermal method previously [24]. The film shows a good cyclic stability and comparable coloration efficiency (38.2 cm 2 /C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochromic properties of nanostructured tungsten trioxide (hydrate) films and their applications in a complementary electrochromic device

Jiao

Wang

et al. 2012

Electrochimica Acta

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a b s t r a c tOrthorhombic hydrated tungsten trioxide (3WO 3 ·H 2 O) films consisted of nanosticks and nanoparticles were prepared on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated substrate by a facile and template-free hydrothermal method using ammonium acetate (CH 3 COONH 4 ) as the capping agent. Irregular nanobrick films were obtained without capping agent. Due to the highly rough surface, the nanostick/nanoparticle film depicts faster ion intercalation/deintercalation kinetics and a greater coloration efficiency (45.5 cm 2 /C) than the nanobrick film. A complementary electrochromic device based on the nanostick/nanoparticle 3WO 3 ·H 2 O film and Prussian blue (PB) was assembled. As a result, the complementary device shows a higher optical modulation (54% at 754 nm), a larger coloration efficiency (151.9 cm 2 /C) and faster switching responses with a bleaching time of 5.7 s and a coloring time of 1.3 s than a single 3WO 3 ·H 2 O layer device, making it attractive for a practical application.

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“…The main reason for the photocurrent enhancement is believed to be attributed to the increased surface area of the etched sample due to the porous structure. The decrease of the overpotential is probably attributed to the numerous pores, too, which is considered to be beneficial for the hole transfer [11,12]. Further investigations revealed that when the potential was lower than ~1.4 V vs. RHE the etching would not run obviously.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Porous WO3 with Hierarchical Structure on FTO Substrates: Fabrication and Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation Performance

Chen¹,

Han²,

Lu³

et al. 2017

Proc. Nat. Res. Soc.

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WO 3 is a type of oxide semiconductor material with bandgap of 2.5-2.8 eV and is considered a promising stuff that can be used in solar light-driven photocatalytic applications. In this work, WO 3 ·0.33H 2 O films on fluorine doped tin oxide substrates were firstly deposited hydrothermally and then were annealed at 500°C to form WO 3 . The as-prepared WO 3 films possess a hierarchical structure: short WO 3 nanorods are assembled into large clusters in a radial form and the large clusters are distributed uniformly on the substrate to form the films. By employing photoelectrochemical etching technique, the WO 3 nanorods were further treated to be nanopore-rich structure. When used as photoanodes, the porous WO 3 films showed much enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting performance in comparison with the non-etched WO 3 films: under the illumination of simulated solar light and without using any oxygen evolution co-catalysts, the photocurrent increased from 0. I n recent years, WO 3 has attracted much attention as a photoanode material in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting applications owing to its ~ 12% of solar spectrum absorption ability and the ideal band gap (E g = 2.5-2.8 eV) [1][2][3]. Compared to α-Fe 2 O 3 , another commonly used photoanode material, whose hole diffusion length is as short as ~ 2.5 nm, WO 3 possesses a moderate hole diffusion length of ~ 150 nm [4]. At the same time, the inherent mobility of WO 3 is ~ 12 cm 2 /(V·s) , which is higher than the value of 1 cm 2 / (V·s) for rutile TiO 2 [5]. These characteristics make WO 3 a very promising photoanode material for PEC water splitting applications. However, WO 3 also possesses drawbacks like sluggish kinetics of holes, slow charge transfer and rapid electron-hole recombination [6]. To overcome such drawbacks, many substantial efforts have been made, in which increasing the specific surface of the WO 3 nanostructures via morphology control is considered to be one direct and effective way [7]. For example, porous WO 3 flakes that were formed by treatment of the WO 3 flakes in ascorbic acid together with etching in poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) were reported to achieve much enhanced PEC performance in comparison with the non-etched WO 3 [8].In this work, we report a feasible photoelectrochemical etching method to achieve porous WO 3 film from nanorod-like WO 3 film on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates. Photoelectrochemical water oxidation experiments showed that after photoelectrochemical etching the WO 3 films acquired much enhanced performance. This method could be used to prepare other porous semiconductor nanostructures and thus acquire novel properties. EXPERIMENTAL MaterialsNa 2 WO 4 (Damao Chemical Teagent Factory, Tianjin) and nitric acid (Xilong Scientific, Guandong), KH 2 PO 4 and Na 2 HPO 4 ·12H 2 O (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.) were used without further purification. FTO substrates (Zhuhai Kaivo Optoelectronic Technology Co.) with dimensions of 25 mm×20 mm×1.6 mm were cleaned ultrasonically in a solution containing ac...

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Hydrothermally grown nanostructured WO₃ films and their electrochromic characteristics

Cited by 121 publications

References 34 publications

Electrochromism in tungsten oxide thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition

Electrochromism in tungsten oxide thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition

Electrochromic properties of nanostructured tungsten trioxide (hydrate) films and their applications in a complementary electrochromic device

Porous WO3 with Hierarchical Structure on FTO Substrates: Fabrication and Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation Performance

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Hydrothermally grown nanostructured WO3 films and their electrochromic characteristics

Cited by 121 publications

References 34 publications

Electrochromism in tungsten oxide thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition

Electrochromism in tungsten oxide thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition

Electrochromic properties of nanostructured tungsten trioxide (hydrate) films and their applications in a complementary electrochromic device

Porous WO3 with Hierarchical Structure on FTO Substrates: Fabrication and Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation Performance

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Hydrothermally grown nanostructured WO₃ films and their electrochromic characteristics