Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) as a Renewable Diesel Fuel: Trade-off between NOx, Particulate Emission, and Fuel Consumption of a Heavy Duty Engine

Aatola, Hannu; Larmi, Martti; Sarjovaara, Teemu; Mikkonen, Seppo

doi:10.4271/2008-01-2500

Cited by 361 publications

(232 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Other commercial processes for conversion of vegetable oils into liquid fuels include, for example, transesterification and hydroprocessing to produce, respectively, fatty acid esters and linear hydrocarbons [14][15][16]. However, one of the main drawbacks of hydroprocessing is that it must be conducted under high pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of Tall Oil-Derived Fatty and Resin Acid Mixtures

Lappi¹,

Alén

2012

ISRN Renewable Energy

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Neutralised mixtures of tall oil-derived fatty acids and resin acids were separately pyrolysed (at 750• C for 20 s) by pyrolysis gas chromatography with mass-selective and flame ionisation detection (Py-GC/MSD/FID) to clarify their thermochemical behaviour. The pyrolysate of fatty acid salts characteristically contained high amounts of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons and minor amounts of monoaromatics, whereas the pyrolysis of resin acid salts mainly resulted in the formation of aromatics with up to three benzene rings and only in very low amounts of aliphatic hydrocarbons. The data obtained are useful when considering the suitability of various tall oil products containing fatty and resin acid fractions for the production of biofuels and chemicals via pyrolysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of Tall Oil-Derived Fatty and Resin Acid Mixtures

Lappi¹,

Alén

2012

ISRN Renewable Energy

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“…Biodiesel has been demonstrated to be a viable fuel for compression-ignition engines, both when used as a blend with petroleum-derived diesel and when used in its neat form (i.e., 100% esters) [2]. It should be noted that biodiesel is distinct from renewable diesel, which is a non-oxygenated, paraffinic fuel produced by hydrotreating bio-derived oils or fats in a refinery (e.g., [3]). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NO_xEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel

Mueller¹,

Boehman²,

Martin³

2009

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

323

233

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The Engineering Meetings Board has approved this paper for publication. It has successfully completed SAE's peer review process under the supervision of the session organizer. This process requires a minimum of three (3) reviews by industry experts. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. ISSN 0148-7191 Positions and opinions advanced in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of SAE. The author is solely responsible for the content of the paper. SAE ABSTRACTIt is generally accepted that emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) increase as the volume fraction of biodiesel increases in blends with conventional diesel fuel. While many mechanisms based on biodiesel effects on incylinder processes have been proposed to explain this observation, a clear understanding of the relative importance of each has remained elusive.To gain further insight into the cause(s) of the biodiesel NO x increase, experiments were conducted in a singlecylinder version of a heavy-duty diesel engine with extensive optical access to the combustion chamber. The engine was operated using two biodiesel fuels and two hydrocarbon reference fuels, over a wide range of loads, and using undiluted air as well as air diluted with simulated exhaust gas recirculation. Measurements were made of cylinder pressure, spatially integrated natural luminosity (a measure of radiative heat transfer), engine-out emissions of NO x and smoke, flame lift-off length, actual start of injection, ignition delay, and efficiency. Adiabatic flame temperatures for the test fuels and a surrogate #2 diesel fuel also were computed at representative diesel-engine conditions.Results suggest that the biodiesel NO x increase is not quantitatively determined by a change in a single fuel property, but rather is the result of a number of coupled mechanisms whose effects may tend to reinforce or cancel one another under different conditions, depending on specific combustion and fuel characteristics. Nevertheless, charge-gas mixtures that are closer to stoichiometric at ignition and in the standing premixed autoignition zone near the flame liftoff length appear to be key factors in helping to explain the biodiesel NO x increase under all conditions. These differences are expected to lead to higher local and average in-cylinder temperatures, lower radiative heat losses, and a shorter, more-advanced combustion event, all of which would be expected to increase thermal NO x emissions. Differences in prompt NO formation and species concentrations resulting from fuel and jet-structure changes also may play important roles.

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“…Renewable diesel is produced by hydrotreating, gasification, pyrolysis, and other thermochemical and biochemical pathways [27]. Hydrotreated biodiesel produced from vegetable oils (HVO) or animal fats does not have some of the detrimental effects of ester-type biodiesel fuels, such as issues with increased NO x emissions, deposit formation, storage stability problems, more rapid aging of the engine oil and poor cold properties [28]. As straight-chain paraffinic hydrocarbons, HVOs do not produce sulfur and have high cetane numbers [28], which allow higher speed diesel engines to operate more efficiently.…”

Section: Generation 2/advanced Biofuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Biofuels at the Crossroads: An Overview of Technical, Policy, and Investment Complexities in the Sustainability of Biofuel Development

et al. 2017

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Biofuels have the potential to alter the transport and agricultural sectors of decarbonizing societies. Yet, the sustainability of these fuels has been questioned in recent years in connection with food versus fuel trade-offs, carbon accounting, and land use. Recognizing the complicated playing field for current decision-makers, we examine the technical attributes, policy, and global investment activity for biofuels (primarily liquids). Differences in feedstock and fuel types are considered, in addition to policy approaches of major producer countries. Issues with recent, policy-driven trade developments are highlighted to emphasize how systemic complexities associated with sustainability must also be managed. We conclude with near-term areas to watch.

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Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) as a Renewable Diesel Fuel: Trade-off between NOx, Particulate Emission, and Fuel Consumption of a Heavy Duty Engine

Cited by 361 publications

References 9 publications

Pyrolysis of Tall Oil-Derived Fatty and Resin Acid Mixtures

Pyrolysis of Tall Oil-Derived Fatty and Resin Acid Mixtures

An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NO_xEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel

Global Biofuels at the Crossroads: An Overview of Technical, Policy, and Investment Complexities in the Sustainability of Biofuel Development

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Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) as a Renewable Diesel Fuel: Trade-off between NOx, Particulate Emission, and Fuel Consumption of a Heavy Duty Engine

Cited by 361 publications

References 9 publications

Pyrolysis of Tall Oil-Derived Fatty and Resin Acid Mixtures

Pyrolysis of Tall Oil-Derived Fatty and Resin Acid Mixtures

An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NOxEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel

Global Biofuels at the Crossroads: An Overview of Technical, Policy, and Investment Complexities in the Sustainability of Biofuel Development

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Product

Resources

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An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NO_xEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel