Hydrotreating and hydrocracking catalysts for processing of waste soya-oil and refinery-oil mixtures

Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Liquid Biomass for Biofuels Production

“…pyrolysis biooil), and thus commercial hydrotreating catalysts need to be explored and evaluated as different catalyst have different yields ( Figure 5) and different degradation rate [8]. Nevertheless, significant efforts have been directed to-wards developing special hydrotreating catalysts for converting/upgrading liquid biomass to biofuels [9][10][11][12]. …”

“…The issue of catalyst development suitable for co-hydrotreating and co-hydrocracking of gas-oil and vegetable oil mixtures was recently addressed [10], as there are no commercial hydroprocessing catalysts available for lipid feedstocks. New sulfided Ni-W/SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 and sulfided Ni-Mo/Al 2 O 3 catalysts were tested for hydrocracking and hydrotreating of gas-oil and vegetable oil mixtures respectively.…”

Optimizing renewable oil hydrocracking conditions for aviation bio-kerosene production

“…In literature various studies on model compounds like tristearin (glycerol tristearate C18), triolean (glycerol trioleate C18), tricaprylin (Octanoic acid triglyceride C8) and caprylic acid (octanoic acid C8) [13,16,[20][21][22] have been carried out to predict reaction mechanisms. Various supported metals, mono-functional [20,23,24] or bifunctional [1,2,[25][26][27] catalysts, have been used for hydrotreatment of triglycerides (to remove 'O′ only) [8,17,23,24,[26][27][28][29] and for hydrocracking to produce lower boiling hydrocarbons [1,2,8,24,25]. Low acidity supports like γ-Al 2 O 3 or activated carbon [8,17,23,24,[26][27][28][29] were used for hydrotreatment, where as moderately acidic supports such as amorphous mixed oxides like silica-alumina [1,2,8,25] or phosphate modified silica-alumina [25] or crystalline highly acidic aluminosilicate supports like zeolites [1,15,25,24] were used for hydrocracking/isomerization reactions.…”

Processing of Soybean Oil into Fuels

“…Huber and colleagues have also shown that the bio-derived oils can be hydrotreated along with petroleum oils, suggesting that a processing can take place within an existing refinery to lower the capital cost. Issues with hydroprocessing vegetable oils rather than petroleum include: the high oxygen content of biomass can increase heat load in the reactor and cause leaching of sulfur from the catalyst; water and CO 2 generated during the hydrotreatment can reduce catalyst lifetime and must be removed from the product; and also the large triglyceride molecules can clog catalysts with pore sizes of less than 2 nm (Tiwari, Rana et al 2011). Mesoporous molecular sieves, such as MCM-41, or alumina can have the advantage of a high surface area and activity, but also have much larger pore diameters than zeolites (Kubicka, Simacek et al 2009), and so may be useful in a combined bio-petro refinery.…”