Hydroxy Interlayers in Expansible Layer Silicates

Rich, C. I.

doi:10.1346/ccmn.1968.0160104

Cited by 314 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…The stability of Al interlayers is influenced by a number of factors among which are the amount of Al saturating the clay, type of phyllosilicate, the pH or OH/AI molar ratio and the organic matter content (Turner and Brydon 1965;Rich 1968;Sawhney 1968). It has already been demonstrated (Turner and Brydon 1965, l961a,b) Schnitzer and Kodama 1977).…”

Section: All Canadian Journal Of Soil Sciencementioning

confidence: 93%

FORMATION OF HYDROXY-Al-MONTMORILLONITE COMPLEXES AS INFLUENCED BY CITRIC ACID

Goh¹,

Huang²

1984

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Section: All Canadian Journal Of Soil Sciencementioning

confidence: 93%

FORMATION OF HYDROXY-Al-MONTMORILLONITE COMPLEXES AS INFLUENCED BY CITRIC ACID

Goh¹,

Huang²

1984

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…Generally, Na and Ca are simple exchangeable ions, and Mg, Al, and Fe usually occur as polymerization ions in the interlayer region (Meunier, 2007). However, hydroxy-Fe and hydroxyl-Mg interlays are usually formed in reducing conditions and alkaline conditions,whereas hydroxy-Al appears to be the principal interlayers in acidic soils (Rich, 1968). …”

Section: Cation Exchange Capacity Of Clay Minerals In Red Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy and Genesis of Mixed-Layer Illite-Vermiculite in the Homogeneous Red Soil and the Net-Like Red Soil of Xuancheng, China

Yin¹

2017

Appl Ecol Env Res

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Abstract. Mineralogy and genesis significance of mixed-layer illite-vermiculite in Xuancheng red soil section were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrum （ICP-AES） . XRD shows that clay minerals in the red soils are composed of illite, vermiculite, mixed-layer illite-vermiculite, and kaolinite. The lattice fringes of mixed-layer illite-vermiculite were directly observed under HRTEM. Vermiculite layers were trapped within the illite layers, indicating that mixed-layer illite-vermiculite was derived from illite. The higher content of vermiculite, mixed-layer illite-vermiculite, and kaolinite in the net-like red soil relative to the homogeneous red soil suggested a warmer and more humid climate prevailing over the mid-Pleistocene and a relatively cool and dry climate prevailing over the late Pleistocene. A lower hydroxy-Al hydroxides content of the vermiculitic layers in the net-like red soil compared to those of the homogeneous red soil resulted in more tortuous lattice fringes. Hence, Mixed-layer illite-vermiculite with hydroxy-Al hydroxides interlacated is sensitive to the climatic environment change in soil-forming process.

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“…The seasonal stagnation of water within Retisols causes the bleaching of soil material indicating reduction and dissolution of iron oxides and their subsequent re-oxidation and immobilization in the form of iron nodules, concretions, soft masses, and pore linings (Cescas et al 1970;Schwertmann and Fanning 1976;Rhoton et al 1993;Zhang and Karathanasis 1997;Lindbo et al 2000;Dixon and White 2002;Szymański et al 2011Szymański et al , 2012Szymański et al , 2014Szymański and Skiba 2013). Similar changes in the valence of iron may occur within the structures of clay minerals containing iron in the octahedral sheet (e.g., Rich 1968;Brinkman 1977;Rozenson and Heller-Kallai 1978;Gerstl and Banin 1980;Hardy et al 1999;Kohut and Warren 2002). However, Van Ranst and De Coninck (2002) as well as Van Ranst et al (2011) have recently reported that ferrolysis does not take place in Retisols (previously called Albeluvisols) and soils exhibiting a stagnic color pattern from Western Europe and in Planosols from Ethiopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Thus, cyclic reduction and oxidation may cause decomposition of clay minerals leading to release of the lattice cations (e.g., Al, Mg, Fe). Except for the dissolution, soil clay minerals may undergo transformation due to the formation of Al-and/or Fehydroxy polymers within the interlayer space (Rich 1968;Brinkman 1970Brinkman , 1977Gerstl and Banin 1980). The transformation of 2:1 clay minerals due to the cyclic reduction and oxidation and formation of the clays with interlayer fillings is responsible for lowering their cation exchange capacity, mineral solubility, and swelling ability (Rich 1968;Brinkman 1979;Nakao et al 2009;Szymański et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of redox processes on clay mineral transformation in Retisols in the Carpathian Foothills in Poland. Is a ferrolysis process present?

Szymański

Skiba

Błachowski³

2016

J Soils Sediments

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Purpose Ferrolysis is a soil-forming process, which involves destruction of clay minerals due to cyclic reduction and oxidation in acidic and periodically wet soils. The main objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to determine the influence of redox processes on clay mineral transformation in Retisols (Albeluvisols) in the Carpathian Foothills in Poland and (2) to verify the occurrence of ferrolysis in Retisols showing various degrees of bleaching. Materials and methods Twelve representative soil profiles were selected for analysis. All were formed entirely from loess except for two profiles, in which the lowermost horizons (2C) had developed from weathered flysch rocks residuum. Soil mineral analysis was done using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS). Results and discussion The obtained results indicate that the qualitative and quantitative mineral compositions of the clay fraction in the E and Eg horizons obtained from Retisols in the Carpathian Foothills exhibiting marked differences in bleaching (strong, moderate, weak, and lack of bleaching) caused by periodic stagnation of water above a slowly permeable fragipan and cyclic redox processes are the same. The E and Eg horizons are characterized by the presence of 2:1 clay minerals with likely organic interlayer fillings, dioctahedral mica, kaolinite, and chlorite. Conclusions The results indicate that (1) redox processes occurring in the soils do not affect clay mineral transformation in Retisols of the Carpathian Foothills in Poland and (2) ferrolysis is not the main soil-forming process operating in these soils. This is most likely because ironbearing minerals are not abundant in the Retisols and/or undergo eluviation to the lower part of the soil profiles. The lower content of the clay fraction in the E and Eg horizons versus that in the lower soil horizons of the Retisols is related to clay illuviation (lessivage), and not to clay decomposition due to ferrolysis.

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Hydroxy Interlayers in Expansible Layer Silicates

Cited by 314 publications

References 113 publications

FORMATION OF HYDROXY-Al-MONTMORILLONITE COMPLEXES AS INFLUENCED BY CITRIC ACID

FORMATION OF HYDROXY-Al-MONTMORILLONITE COMPLEXES AS INFLUENCED BY CITRIC ACID

Mineralogy and Genesis of Mixed-Layer Illite-Vermiculite in the Homogeneous Red Soil and the Net-Like Red Soil of Xuancheng, China

Influence of redox processes on clay mineral transformation in Retisols in the Carpathian Foothills in Poland. Is a ferrolysis process present?

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