Hydroxyapatite reinforced Ti6Al4V composites for load-bearing implants

Avila, Jose D.; Stenberg, Kevin; Bose, Susmita; Bandyopadhyay, Amit

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.060

Cited by 49 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Testing commences as point loading exhibiting the highest contact pressures and aggressive running‐in wear. Once the running‐in wear regime is overcome, steady‐state wear is achieved but the contact surfaces remain considerably small—in some cases as small as 1.35 mm 2 exhibiting 5.2 MPa of contact pressure for a 3 mm wear ball after 1000 m for 7 N loading 42 . Therefore, even minimal improvements within the ball‐on‐flat testing are only intensified when translating to larger contact surface areas or roller contact scenarios.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the running-in wear regime is overcome, steady-state wear is achieved but the contact surfaces remain considerably small-in some cases as small as 1.35 mm 2 exhibiting 5.2 MPa of contact pressure for a 3 mm wear ball after 1000 m for 7 N loading. 42 Therefore, even minimal improvements within the ball-on-flat testing are only intensified when translating to larger contact surface areas or roller contact scenarios. Translated to a real-world application-based scenario, even a 25% reduction in this aggressive wear testing would equate to increased work life.…”

Section: Hardness Tribological and Post-tribological Microstructure A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Niobium carbide reinforced‐Ti6Al4V composites via directed energy deposition

Avila

Bandyopadhyay

2021

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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Directed energy deposition (DED) was used to produce niobium carbide (NbC)‐reinforced Ti6Al4V (Ti64) metal–matrix‐composite (MMC) structures. The objective was to improve upon Ti64's wear and oxidation resistance. The characterization techniques consisted of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), backscattered electron (BSE) imaging, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Vickers micro‐ and nanoindentation‐derived hardness, as well as tribological testing at varying normal loads. DED produced compositions were of Ti64, Ti64 + 5 wt.% NbC (5NbC), and Ti64 + 10 wt.% NbC (10NbC). Electron micrographs revealed crack‐ and delamination‐free structures. Tribological analysis revealed a 25.1% reduction in specific wear rate. XRD and EDS results indicated the presence of a Ti‐Nb solid solution. It was deduced that the NbC particles coupled with the Ti‐Nb solid solution aided in increasing Ti64's resistance to plastic shear as the superficial microstructure remained unchanged compared to pure Ti64. Additionally, TGA displayed a reduction in total oxidation mass gain and suppressed oxidation kinetics to parabolic behavior with increased NbC. Application‐based composite structures with site‐specific mechanical properties were fabricated in the form of a composite cylinder, gear and compositionally graded cylinder. The graded cylinder displayed a 0%–45%NbC presence—end‐to‐end—equating to a hardness increase from 161.6 ± 4.0HV0.2 to 1055.9 ± 157.4HV0.2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hardness Tribological and Post-tribological Microstructure A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Niobium carbide reinforced‐Ti6Al4V composites via directed energy deposition

Avila

Bandyopadhyay

2021

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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“…After being implanted into the alveolar bone, they may lack primary stability and thus require long healing time to avoid repair failure [ 2 ]. Therefore, since 1960s, many efforts have been made for the fabrication of composites constituted by a metal substrate and a coating layer of bioactive substance, often hydroxyapatite (HA), which possesses great biological activity [ 3 ]. However, for these composites, they usually have poor binding strength between the substrate and coating due to obvious property differences between the metal and ceramic material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteogenesis Performance of Boronized Ti6Al4V/HA Composites Prepared by Microwave Sintering: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

et al. 2022

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The boronized Ti6Al4V/HA composite is deemed to be an important biomaterial because of its potential remarkable mechanical and biological properties. This paper reports the osteogenesis performance of the boronized Ti6Al4V/HA composite, which was prepared by microwave sintering of powders of Ti6Al4V, hydroxyapatite (HA), and TiB2 in high-purity Ar gas at 1050 °C for 30 min, as dental implant based on both cell experiments in vitro and animal experiments in vivo. The comparison between the boronized Ti6Al4V/HA composite and Ti, Ti6Al4V, and boronized Ti6Al4V in the terms of adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity, and mineralization of MG-63 cells on their surfaces confirmed that the composite exhibited the best inductive osteogenesis potential. It exerted a more significant effect on promoting the early osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts and exhibited the maximum optical density (OD) value in the MTT assay and the highest levels of ALP activity and mineralization ability, primarily ascribed to its bioactive HA component, porous structure, and relatively rough micro-morphology. The in vivo study in rabbits based on the micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, histological and histomorphometric evaluation, and biomechanical testing further confirmed that the boronized Ti6Al4V/HA composite had the highest new bone formation potential and the best osseointegration property after implantation for up to 12 weeks, mainly revealed by the measured values of bone volume fraction, bone implant contact, and maximum push-out force which, for example, reached 48.64%, 61%, and 150.3 ± 6.07 N at the 12th week. Owing to these inspiring features, it can serve as a highly promising dental implant.

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“…Within 3D bioprinting, there exists seven types of technologies: Binder Jetting, Directed Energy Deposition, Material Extrusion, Material Jetting, Powder Bed Fusion, Sheet Lamination and Vat Photopolymerization (as per ISO/ASTM 52900 standards) 15 . Each technology offers unique advantages, print speeds, resolutions, and various applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine 16‐25 . Most skin tissue engineering studies commonly use adult skin cells and collagen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Each technology offers unique advantages, print speeds, resolutions, and various applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Most skin tissue engineering studies commonly use adult skin cells and collagen. The employment of adult cells allows for easier translation in human trials, while collagen has easy extraction and purification process with high cell attachment and proliferation properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering functional skin constructs: A quantitative comparison of three‐dimensional bioprinting with traditional methods

et al. 2021

Experimental Dermatology

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Tissue engineering has been successful in reproducing human skin equivalents while incorporating new approaches such as three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting. The latter method offers a plethora of advantages including increased production scale, ability to incorporate multiple cell types and printing on demand. However, the quality of printed skin equivalents compared to those developed manually has never been assessed. To leverage the benefits of this method, it is imperative that 3D‐printed skin should be structurally and functionally similar to real human skin. Here, we developed four bilayered human skin epidermal‐dermal equivalents: non‐printed dermis and epidermis (NN), printed dermis and epidermis (PP), printed epidermis and non‐printed dermis (PN), and non‐printed epidermis and printed dermis (NP). The effects of printing induced shear stress [0.025 kPa (epidermis); 0.049 kPa (dermis)] were characterized both at the cellular and at the tissue level. At cellular level, no statistically significant differences in keratinocyte colony‐forming efficiency (CFE) (p = 0.1641) were observed. In the case of fibroblasts, no significant differences in the cell alignment index (p < 0.1717) and their ability to contract collagen gel (p = 0.851) were detected. At the tissue levels, all the four skin equivalents were characterized using histological and immunohistochemical analysis with no significant differences found in either epidermal basal cell count, thickness of viable epidermis, and relative intensity of filaggrin and claudin‐1. Our results demonstrated that 3D printing can achieve the same high‐quality skin constructs as have been developed traditionally, thus opening new avenues for numerous high‐throughput industrial and clinical applications.

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Hydroxyapatite reinforced Ti6Al4V composites for load-bearing implants

Cited by 49 publications

References 38 publications

Niobium carbide reinforced‐Ti6Al4V composites via directed energy deposition

Niobium carbide reinforced‐Ti6Al4V composites via directed energy deposition

Osteogenesis Performance of Boronized Ti6Al4V/HA Composites Prepared by Microwave Sintering: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Engineering functional skin constructs: A quantitative comparison of three‐dimensional bioprinting with traditional methods

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