Hydroxychloroquine Safety Outcome within Approved Therapeutic Protocol for COVID-19 Outpatients in Saudi Arabia

Mohana, Abdulrhman; Sulaiman, Tarek; Mahmoud, Nagla; Hassanein, Mustafa; Alfaifi, Amel; Alenazi, Eissa; Radwan, Nashwa; AlKhalifah, Nasser; Elkady, Ehab; Almohaizeie, Abdullah; Abogazalah, Fouad; Alabdulkareem, Khaled; Alghofaili, Fahad; Jokdar, Hani; Alrabiah, Fahad

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.031

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A retrospective longitudinal cohort study showed that hydroxychloroquine treatment (OR 3.891, 95% CI 1.196–12.653) was associated with renal function recovery in patients with lupus nephritis 34 . A large-sampled multicentered observational study has shown that the exposure of hydroxychloroquine is associated with a decreased risk of hospitalization from COVID-19 (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.29–0.95) 35 . Additional, findings from some recent random-controlled studies raise the concern about whether dexamethasone treatment could improve the outcome of COVID-19 36 , 37 Whether patients with higher sCys C levels might benefit form early hospital treatment measures such as hydroxychloroquine or dexamethasone need to be addressed in future large-scale studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The predictive value of serum level of cystatin C for COVID-19 severity

lin

Chen

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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To investigate the potential prognostic value of Serum cystatin C (sCys C) in patients with COVID-19 and determine the association of sCys C with severe COVID-19 illness. We performed a retrospective review of medical records of 162 (61.7 ± 13.5 years) patients with COVID-19. We assessed the predictive accuracy of sCys C for COVID-19 severity by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The participants were divided into two groups based on the sCys C cut-off value. We evaluated the association between high sCys C level and the development of severe COVID-19 disease, using a COX proportional hazards regression model. The area under the ROC curve was 0.708 (95% CI 0.594–0.822), the cut-off value was 1.245 (mg/L), and the sensitivity and specificity was 79.1% and 60.7%, respectively. A multivariable Cox analysis showed that a higher level of sCys C (adjusted HR 2.78 95% CI 1.25–6.18, p = 0.012) was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing a severe COVID-19 illness. Patients with a higher sCys C level have an increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease. Our findings suggest that early assessing sCys C could help to identify potential severe COVID-19 patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The predictive value of serum level of cystatin C for COVID-19 severity

lin

Chen

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Several studies especially RCTs demonstrated that HCQ can be administrated safely and without incidence of serious cardiac adverse events in outpatients and hospitalized patients with mild COVID-19. [14] , [28] , [29] , [30]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, with the publication of subsequent studies, this concern has been somewhat alleviated. [6] , [13] , [14] Taken together, these factors once again led to attention being paid to HCQ use in outpatient settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical outcomes of patients with mild COVID-19 following treatment with hydroxychloroquine in an outpatient setting

Mokhtari

Mohraz

Gouya

et al. 2021

International Immunopharmacology

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The role of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in early outpatient management of mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) needs further investigation. This study was a multicenter, population-based national retrospective-cohort investigation of 28,759 adults with mild COVID-19 seen at the network of Comprehensive Healthcare Centers (CHC) between March and September 2020 throughout Iran. The baseline characteristics and outcome variables were extracted from the national integrated health system database. A total of 7,295 (25.37%) patients who presented with mild COVID-19 within 3 to 7 days of symptoms onset received HCQ (400 mg twice daily on day 1 followed by 200 mg twice daily for the next four days and were then followed for 14 days). The main outcome measures were hospitalization or death for six months follow-up. COVID-19-related hospitalizations or deaths occurred in 523 (7.17%) and 27 (0.37%) respectively, in HCQ recipients and 2,382 (11.10%) and 287 (1.34%) respectively, in non-recipients. The odds of hospitalization or death was reduced by 38% (odds ratio [OR] = 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56–0.68, p = < 0.001) and 73% (OR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.18–0.41, p = < 0.001) in HCQ recipients and non-recipients. These effects were maintained after adjusting for age, comorbidities, and diagnostic modality. No serious HCQ-related adverse drug reactions were reported. In our large outpatient national cohort of adults with mild COVID-19 disease who were given HCQ early in the course of the disease, the odds of hospitalization or death was reduced significantly regardless of age or comorbidities.

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“…In practical applications, different data sources (literature) may lead to controversial statistical analysis results. For example, hydroxychloroquine has been increasingly found to be useless in the treatment of COVID-19 [77], but many studies, especially early stage studies, include a description that it is a potential and safe drug [78][79][80]. Therefore, data preprocessing is critical to the quality of RE results.…”

Section: Principal Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Biomedical Relation Extraction Across Diverse Relation Types: Model Development and Usability Study on COVID-19

Zhang,

Fang,

et al. 2023

J Med Internet Res

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Background Biomedical relation extraction (RE) is of great importance for researchers to conduct systematic biomedical studies. It not only helps knowledge mining, such as knowledge graphs and novel knowledge discovery, but also promotes translational applications, such as clinical diagnosis, decision-making, and precision medicine. However, the relations between biomedical entities are complex and diverse, and comprehensive biomedical RE is not yet well established. Objective We aimed to investigate and improve large-scale RE with diverse relation types and conduct usability studies with application scenarios to optimize biomedical text mining. Methods Data sets containing 125 relation types with different entity semantic levels were constructed to evaluate the impact of entity semantic information on RE, and performance analysis was conducted on different model architectures and domain models. This study also proposed a continued pretraining strategy and integrated models with scripts into a tool. Furthermore, this study applied RE to the COVID-19 corpus with article topics and application scenarios of clinical interest to assess and demonstrate its biological interpretability and usability. Results The performance analysis revealed that RE achieves the best performance when the detailed semantic type is provided. For a single model, PubMedBERT with continued pretraining performed the best, with an F1-score of 0.8998. Usability studies on COVID-19 demonstrated the interpretability and usability of RE, and a relation graph database was constructed, which was used to reveal existing and novel drug paths with edge explanations. The models (including pretrained and fine-tuned models), integrated tool (Docker), and generated data (including the COVID-19 relation graph database and drug paths) have been made publicly available to the biomedical text mining community and clinical researchers. Conclusions This study provided a comprehensive analysis of RE with diverse relation types. Optimized RE models and tools for diverse relation types were developed, which can be widely used in biomedical text mining. Our usability studies provided a proof-of-concept demonstration of how large-scale RE can be leveraged to facilitate novel research.

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Hydroxychloroquine Safety Outcome within Approved Therapeutic Protocol for COVID-19 Outpatients in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

The predictive value of serum level of cystatin C for COVID-19 severity

The predictive value of serum level of cystatin C for COVID-19 severity

Clinical outcomes of patients with mild COVID-19 following treatment with hydroxychloroquine in an outpatient setting

Large-Scale Biomedical Relation Extraction Across Diverse Relation Types: Model Development and Usability Study on COVID-19

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