Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives occurring in Cichorium endivia vegetables

Papetti, Adele; Daglia, Maria; Aceti, Camilla; Sordelli, Barbara; Spini, Valentina; Carazzone, Chiara; Gazzani, Gabriella

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2008.04.014

Cited by 50 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Five groups of phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonol glycosides, flavan-3-ols, flavonoid aglycones and xanthones were recorded in HR cultures (Table 1). Their identification was based on the typical UV/Vis spectral data and LC/MS in the negative ionization mode [M-H] -with the subsequent MS 2 , MS 3 and MS 4 analysis for further identification with reference to similar data previously reported [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. The HPLC analysis of secondary metabolites revealed marked differences between control roots ( Figure 3A) and HR cultures ( Figure 3B).…”

Section: Hplc/dad/esi-ms N Analysismentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Quinic acid (F1) was the only detectable phenolic acid in HR cultures. A 6-fold increase of quinic acid was observed in HR cultures compared to control rootsFour peaks, F2, F4, F6 and F15 were detected in control roots with identical UV spectra at 240-246 nm and 320-325 nm and by a sharp diagnostic shoulder at 290-300 nm typical for compounds containing a caffeoyl group [25]. Flavonol glycosides and flavonoid aglycones.…”

Section: Hplc/dad/esi-ms N Analysismentioning

confidence: 93%

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Hairy roots of Hypericum perforatum L.: a promising system for xanthone production

et al. 2013

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Hypericum perforatum L. is a common perennial plant with a reputed medicinal value. Investigations have been made to develop an efficient protocol for the identification and quantification of secondary metabolites in hairy roots (HR) of Hypericum perforatum L. HR were induced from root segments of in vitro grown seedlings from H. perforatum, after co-cultivation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4. Transgenic status of HR was confirmed by PCR analysis using rolB specific primers. HR had an altered phenolic profile with respect to phenolic acids, flavonol glycosides, flavan-3-ols, flavonoid aglycones and xanthones comparing to control roots. Phenolics in control and HR cultures were observed to be qualitatively and quantitatively distinct. Quinic acid was the only detectable phenolic acid in HR. Transgenic roots are capable of producing flavonol glycosides such as quercetin 6-C-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (rutin) and isorhamnetin O-hexoside. The HPLC analysis of flavonoid aglycones in HR resulted in the identification of kaempferol. Transformed roots yielded higher levels of catechin and epicatechin than untransformed roots. Among the twenty-eight detected xanthones, four of them were identified as 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone, 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone, γ-mangostin and garcinone C were de novo synthesized in HR. Altogether, these results indicated that H. perforatum HR represent a promising experimental system for enhanced production of xanthones.

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Section: Hplc/dad/esi-ms N Analysismentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Hplc/dad/esi-ms N Analysismentioning

confidence: 93%

Hairy roots of Hypericum perforatum L.: a promising system for xanthone production

et al. 2013

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“…CAPE is an active compo-nent of propolis and has been reported to possess antimito-genic, anticarcinogenic, antiinflammatory, and immuno-modulatory properties [71]. HCAs have ubiquitous distribution in the plant kingdom [32][33][34][35][36][37] and are abundantly found in tea leaves, coffee, red wine, various fruits, vegetables, and whole grains [32,38,39]. They have been categorized as structural and functional constituents of plant cell walls and also as bioactive ingredi-ents of the diet [40,41].…”

Section: Antioxidant Activity Of Hydroxycin-namic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Properties of Hydroxycinnamic Acids: A Review of Structure- Activity Relationships

Razzaghi‐Asl¹,

Garrido²,

Khazraei³

et al. 2013

CMC

172

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Hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) are important phytochemicals possessing significant biological properties. Several investigators have studied in vitro antioxidant activity of HCAs in detail. In this review, we have gathered the studies focused on the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of these compounds that have used medicinal chemistry to generate more potent antioxidant molecules. Most of the reports indicated that the presence of an unsaturated bond on the side chain of HCAs is vital to their activity. The structural features that were reported to be of importance to the antioxi-dant activity were categorized as follows: modifications of the aromatic ring, which include alterations in the number and position of hydroxy groups and insertion of electron donating or withdrawing moieties as well as modifications of the car-boxylic function that include esterification and amidation process. Furthermore, reports that have addressed the influence of physicochemical properties including redox potential, lipid solubility and dissociation constant on the antioxidant activ-ity were also summarized. Finally, the pro-oxidant effect of HCAs in some test systems was addressed. Most of the investigations concluded that the presence of ortho-dihydroxy phenyl group (catechol moiety) is of significant importance to the antioxidant activity, while, the presence of three hydroxy groups does not necessarily improve the activity. Optimiza-tion of the structure of molecular leads is an important task of modern medicinal chemistry and its accomplishment relies on the careful assessment of SARs. SAR studies on HCAs can identify the most successful antioxidants that could be use-ful for management of oxidative stress-related diseases.Keywords: Antioxidant, hydroxycinnamic acids, in vitro, ROS, structure-activity relationships. OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANTSReactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxygen derived molecules that readily react with other compounds and macromolecules and oxidize them. Some representative exam-ples of these species include superoxide (O2•-), hydroxy (HO • ) and peroxy (ROO • ) radicals, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and singletROS are involved in important physiological processes such as immune response, gene expression, signal transduc-tion and growth regulation [5,6]; however if they are not kept under tight control by physiological antioxidant systems they will be able to oxidize and damage various biological molecules leading to a condition called oxidative stress [1,7,8]. In this regard, oxidative stress has been reported to be in-volved in the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer [9], neurodegenerative diseases [10], stroke [11], and others [12,13].Since an important source of ROS comes from environment [14], with the industrial development and the change in life style, oxidative stress related diseases need a special attention [15].Antioxidants operate by preventing or slowing the progression of oxidative damage reactions [16,17]. An antioxidant has been defined as "any substance that delays, p...

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“…crispum and cis-caftaric acid of var. latifolium [40]. The presence of kaempferol 3-O-(6-O-malonyl) glucoside in endive is reported here for the first time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Diversity of active constituents inCichorium endiviaandCynara cornigeraextracts

Hegazy¹,

Ezzat²,

Qasem³

et al. 2015

Acta Biologica Hungarica

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The present study attempts to explore the phytochemical constituents of different extracts from Cynara cornigera and Cichorium endivia plant materials. The two species studied are native in Egypt. Five different solvents, viz., aqueous, methylene chloride, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol were used. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, sterols (stigmasterol and betasitosterol), terpenes (α-amyrin, ursolic and oleanolic acid), and hydrocarbons (n-alkane), the latter found in low amount. The ethyl acetate and water extracts of C. cornigera root showed lower mass fractions of phenolic compounds ranged from 20 to 81 g/100 g, and higher amounts in ethyl acetate extract of the inflorescences and butanol extract of the root where values ranged from 195 to 399 g/100 g. The β-sitosterol and stigmasterol were present in all plant extracts. Oleanolic and ursolic acids were detected in roots, leaves and inflorescences of C. cornigera and in C. endivia shoot. The ethyl acetate extracts from C. cornigera leaf and inflorescence attained higher chemical diversity than the other extracts. Alternatively, sterols and triterpenes were the major constituents. The high chemical diversity of active constituents justifies the future potential use of the two species at commercial level.

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Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives occurring in Cichorium endivia vegetables

Cited by 50 publications

References 23 publications

Hairy roots of Hypericum perforatum L.: a promising system for xanthone production

Hairy roots of Hypericum perforatum L.: a promising system for xanthone production

Antioxidant Properties of Hydroxycinnamic Acids: A Review of Structure- Activity Relationships

Diversity of active constituents inCichorium endiviaandCynara cornigeraextracts

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