Hydroxylammonium nitrate—the next generation green propellant

Chai, Wai Siong; Koh, Kai Seng; Cheah, Kean How

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819037-1.00005-0

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Among the various options, monopropellants based on aqueous solutions of hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) have received the most attention due to their high energy density and specific impulses as well as low viscosity and melting point. 744 Historically, HAN was used to formulate liquid gun propellants. 745 The interest for HAN-based monopropellants for spacecraft propulsion has been dramatically increased mainly due to the toxicity concerns of hydrazine.…”

Section: Ils As Monopropellantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Applications of Ionic Liquids: Recent Developments and Future Prospects

Zhou,

Gui,

Sun

et al. 2023

Chem. Rev.

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Ionic liquids (ILs) consisting entirely of ions exhibit many fascinating and tunable properties, making them promising functional materials for a large number of energy-related applications. For example, ILs have been employed as electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage and conversion, as heat transfer fluids and phase-change materials for thermal energy transfer and storage, as solvents and/or catalysts for CO2 capture, CO2 conversion, biomass treatment and biofuel extraction, and as high-energy propellants for aerospace applications. This paper provides an extensive overview on the various energy applications of ILs and offers some thinking and viewpoints on the current challenges and emerging opportunities in each area. The basic fundamentals (structures and properties) of ILs are first introduced. Then, motivations and successful applications of ILs in the energy field are concisely outlined. Later, a detailed review of recent representative works in each area is provided. For each application, the role of ILs and their associated benefits are elaborated. Research trends and insights into the selection of ILs to achieve improved performance are analyzed as well. Challenges and future opportunities are pointed out before the paper is concluded.

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Section: Ils As Monopropellantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energetic Ionic Liquids As Propellantsmentioning

confidence: 99%