Hydroxylated graphene quantum dots as fluorescent probes for sensitive detection of metal ions

One-step synthesis of fluorescent graphene quantum dots as an effective fluorescence probe for vanillin detection

“…[4][5][6] Owing to these properties, GQDs have immense potential applications in photovoltaic devices, 7 bioimaging instruments, 8 sensors and biosensors, 9,10 etc. Until now, GQDs have been used as a uorescent probe for the detection of a broad range of analytes such as metal ions, [11][12][13][14][15] organic matter, 16,17 proteins, 18 and other biomolecules. 19,20 Vanillin (Fig.…”

Synthesis, Applications, and Prospects of Graphene Quantum Dots: A Comprehensive Review

“…These treatments were reported to enhance the electronegativity of GQDs and improve their capability for heavy metal sensing in solutions. [ 180,181 ]…”

Recent advances in heteroatom-doped graphene quantum dots for sensing applications

“…And, this can be achieved by controllable oxidation degree, surface functionalization, and heteroatom doping with heteroatoms (N, S, P, and B) to enhance the quantum yield of GQDs. 117 The doping and co-doping of GQDs generates additional coordination sites and provides more defects in the structure of prepared GQDs which eventually improves the physical and chemical properties, for example, chemical reactivity, optical properties, and electronic framework of GQDs by tuning their intrinsic properties. 85,120 These heteroatom doped GQDs based biosensors have thus provided a new platform for early diagnosis of several diseases, improved biological agents, bioenvironmental monitoring, and safety assessment.…”

“…Due to their intrinsic fluorescent properties, the intensity of GQDs either gets reduced or enhanced. 117 Based on this principle, a variety of sensors have been developed for the determination of different metal ions, macromolecules (like DNA, RNA, proteins), small organic molecules, insecticides, and pesticides with good selectivity and sensitivity. 108 Nowadays, GQDs-based sensors and biosensors are rapidly developed with stable PL, unique ECL, and electrochemical properties that are extremely sensitive for small perturbations.…”