“…Researchers from Natick lab have used 2,3 dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4(H)pyran-4-one and HMF to map the lethality distribution for microwave sterilization (Kim, Taub, Choi, & Prakash, 1996); however, the kinetics for HMF formation during sterilization was not investigated. Much of the research on HMF formation has been applied to evaluate either storage conditions of products, such as grapefruit juice (Lee & Nagy, 1988), apple juice concentrate (Babsky et al, 1986), and applesauce (Fernandes & McLellan, 1992;Livingston, Besselen, & Fellers, 1954;Luh & Kamber, 1963), or to processes requiring long heating times, such as juice concentration (Toribio & Lozano, 1987) and drying (Resnik & Chirife, 1979). Pasteurization of high acid juices require much shorter heating times, therefore HMF formation kinetics needs to be quantified under such pasteurization time -temperature conditions.…”