Hydroxytyrosol Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Modulating Inflammatory Responses, Intestinal Barrier, and Microbiome

Abstract

Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a polyphenol derived from olive oil, was examined against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis to study its potential in preventing colitis and the underlying mechanisms involved. The low dose and high dose of HT used in mice were 10 and 50 mg/kg, respectively. Research findings have shown that HT is effective in preventing colitis by alleviating the signs of colitis. HT intervention significantly reduces colitis markers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α). Also, mice treated with a high dose of HT showed increased secretion of antioxidant enzymes (heme oxygenase-1 (HO) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) by 2.32- and 2.28-fold, respectively, in comparison to the DSS-treated group. Modulation effects of HT on the antioxidant signal pathway (NRF2) and the inflammatory pathway (NF-κB) were confirmed. Meanwhile, HT promoted the regeneration of the intestinal barrier and maintained intestinal functional homeostasis by boosting the regeneration of goblet cells and the expression of mucin protein (Muc2) and tight junction (TJ) proteins (claudin-1, occludin, and Zonula Occludens-1). Moreover, HT intervention obviously transformed the gut microbiota, leading to a lower abundance of inflammation-related microbes (e.g., Bacteroidaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae) and a higher level of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producing bacteria (e.g., Lachnospiraceae, Muribaculaceae, ASF356, and Colidextribacter). Scientific evidence for the beneficial effect of the “Mediterranean diet” (MD) on intestinal health was achieved by elucidating the alleviation mechanism of hydroxytyrosol on colitis.

Fucoidan Ameliorated Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism

“…40,41 In addition, we also found that the taxa of Turicibacter and Colidextribacter were significantly elevated by fucoidan treatment, which were also classified as beneficial bacteria that promoted the production of SCFAs. 42,43 Additionally, Parasutterella can produce succinate to support the cross-feeding of gut microbiota. 44 Several studies indicated that this taxon plays an active role in bile acid metabolism, especially secondary bile acid biosynthesis.…”

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Mulberry Leaf Flavonoids In Vitro and In Vivo

“…Inflammation is a major feature of colitis, and the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) are involved in the development and pathogenesis of UC [ 79 ]. The increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines causes colon damage during colitis [ 80 ]. Therefore, inhibiting these proinflammatory cytokines could mitigate UC in mice.…”

Effects of Compound Chinese Herbal Medicine Additive on Growth Performance and Gut Microbiota Diversity of Zi Goose

“…Moreover, an increased ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes markedly affects energy gain in dairy cows [ 50 ]. Lachnospiraceae , Ruminococcaceae , and Colidextribacter are mainly SCFAs producing bacteria [ 29 , 30 , 51 , 52 ]. Here, higher abundances of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was found, Romboutsia (phylum Firmicutes ), CHKCI001 (family Lachnospiraceae ), Faecalibacterium (family Ruminococcaceae ), Colidextribacter and lower abundances of Bacteroidetes in the cecal contents of geese in the CCHMA group than in those of in CON group.…”