Hygienic and ecological risks connected with utilization of animal manures and biosolids in agriculture

Abstract

In recent years the fate of human and animal pathogen microorganisms as a potential pollutant of the environment has been paid increased attention. Substantial quantities of these compounds and their metabolites are excreted, flushed down the drain, discarded as waste, or left over in animal feedlots. After passing to the sewer, several of these compounds are not adequately eliminated by the methods that are currently used in sewage treatment. Substantial quantities of biosolids and livestock manure end up on agricultural land. Effective sanitation of the environment, particularly of some of its special parts, which can be a source of spreading of diseases, plays an important role in prevention of infectious diseases. In this respect special attention should be paid to the disinfection of infected farm animal excrements. Sanitation of excrements should, on the one hand, ensure effective inhibition of infectious agents and, on the other hand, comply with the requirement of preserving the composition of the manure so it can be used in agricultural production. D

The reduction rate of invasive Ascaris suum eggs number in slurry and humus layers of selected soil types

“…Analogical regularity was observed in the study by Venglovsky et al (2006), who also claim that apart from the temperature, the factors which considerably affect the elimination rate of invasive eggs from the given environment are: the type of slurry or soil, relative humidity and UV radiation. Reports of those authors (Venglovsky et al, 2006), similarly to the results of the present study, indicated that parasite eggs subjected to the environmental factors lose their invasiveness, but this process lasts long enough for them to be able to induce infections in people and animals. Slurry is the most important medium contributing to transmission of A. suum eggs from animals having ascariasis to the environment.…”

“…Eggs of A. suum are regarded as the most resistant to unfavourable environmental conditions, where they can survive for months, and even for years (Crompton, 2001). A. suum eggs may occur in all types of environments, but the main source of their transmission is the agricultural usage of swine slurry for fertilization, its transport and spray irrigation after previous dilution (Crompton, 2001;Venglovsky et al, 2006). Especially high risk is found in the vicinity of large pig farms (Caballero-Hernández, 2004).…”

The risk to human health related to disposal of animal wastes to soil — microbiological and parasitical aspects

“…There are significant microbiological risks related to animal wastes spread onto land subsequently used for crop production or livestock grazing (Lauková et al, 2000;Burton & Turner, 2003). Unsuitable manipulation, too short or too long storage and intensive use of excrements particularly in the immediate surroundings of farms may frequently result in environmental pollution with respect to noxious gasses and odours, contamination of surface and ground water and hygiene risks related to micro-organisms and various parasitic stages (Nicholson et al, 2005;Venglovský et al, 2006Venglovský et al, , 2009Papajová & Juriš, 2009). People are in constant contact with soil either directly or indirectly through food, water or air.…”

Recovery of gastrointestinal swine parasites in anaerobic biodigester systems

“…Because wastewater generated by the swine industry can contain high parasite loads (VENGLOVSKÝ et al, 2005) and can be reused, previous studies have shown the need to establish limits regarding the presence of viable helminth eggs as a preventive control measure (TOPP et al, 2009). However, more data are needed to strengthen the case for using the proposed parameters as legal requirements in sewage sanitary control (SALGOT et al, 2006).…”