Hygienic Assessment of the Impact of Regional Peculiarities of Nutrition on Health of Students

Abstract

There are presented results of the study of the hygienic assessment of actual nutrition of students. On the basis of obtained results there was established the imbalance of the consumption of essential chemical elements - essential macronutrients and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). There is considered the problem of the attitude of contemporary students to nutrition and nutrition peculiarities of students. The results allow make a conclusion that the nutrition of students at the medical University cannot be considered as satisfactory. There were revealed serious violations in the diet regime and nutrition ration. Against background of these violations there was noted the high level of overall morbidity rate, including nutrition-related diseases. This leads to the relevance of the development and implementation of the program to optimize the nutrition in the system of higher education.

Assessment of Students Nutritional Consumer Preferences and Behavior

“…The data obtained on the diet of students reflected the general trend observed at the present time among other social and age groups of the population of the country when the peculiarities of the lifestyle did not allow eating well during a day, and meals in terms of the main calorie content and volume are in the evening. This well-established habit will further contribute not only to the development of diseases of the digestive and endocrine systems but also to the appearance of excess weight and obesity [17], [18].…”

“…(r = 0.13; p < 0.001; 1% contribution to the total variance). Thus, this established habit contributes not only to the development of diseases of the digestive, cardiovascular and endocrine systems but also to the appearance of overweight and obesity [17], [18].…”

“…Low physical activity and dietary habits of modern young people largely affect not only the development of chronic systemic diseases but also directly on morphometric indicators [7], [18]. Average group of BMI values were assessed as normal in 66% of students of both sexes.…”

Analysis of school meals in the context of the implementation of modern federal legislation (experience of the Samara region)

“…В свою очередь, многочисленные научные данные с различных территорий страны, а также всероссийские исследования свидетельствуют о существенных недостатках как в организации школьного питания, так и в качественном обеспечении рациона учащихся. Отмечаются количественные нарушения поступления основных пищевых веществ с рационом [7,9,10], дисбаланс потребления жизненно важных эссенциальных микронутриентов [10][11][12], снижение общей энергетической ценности школьного рациона [9,10], а также нарушения структуры и режима питания [9,11,13], что в конечном итоге вызывает высокий уровень общей заболеваемости, в том числе алиментарно-зависимой патологии среди учащихся [14][15][16].…”

“…Минимальные значения основных пищевых веществ в питании учащихся не были ниже рекомендуемой физиологической нормы. Избыток углеводов способствует развитию нарушений углеводного обмена и повышает риск развития избыточной массы тела и ожирения [11,14]. В свою очередь, избыточное потребление белков перегружает желудочнокишечный тракт и способствует повышению возбудимости центральной нервной системы [22].…”