HYOU1, Regulated by LPLUNC1, Is Up-Regulated in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Associated with Poor Prognosis

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to investigate the roles and mechanisms of long palate, lung and nasal epithelium clone 1 (LPLUNC1) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods: The two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS/MS) was applied to identify differentially expressed proteins after over-expressing LPLUNC1 in NPC cells. The qRT-PCR and Western Blot were used to further validate differentially expression of Hypoxia up-regulated 1 (HYOU1). We also applied immunohistochemistry (IHC) to validate the expression of HYOU1 protein in NPC tissues.Results: Totally 44 differentially expressed proteins were identified, among which 19 proteins were up-regulated and 25 proteins were down-regulated. Function annotation indicated that these proteins were involved in molecular chaperone, cytoskeleton, metabolism and signal transduction. It was shown that the expression of HYOU1 both at mRNA level and protein level was up-regulated significantly in NPC tissues, and HYOU1 protein expression was positively correlated with clinical staging and metastasis of NPC. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that high expression of HYOU1 protein in NPC patients had shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). COX multivariate regression analysis further indicated that over-expressed HYOU1 was one of the predictors for poor prognosis in NPC patients.Conclusion: Through regulating proteins in different pathways, LPLUNC1 may inhibit the growth of NPC through participating in cell metabolism, proliferation, transcription and signaling transduction. HYOU1 can be regarded as potential molecular biomarker for progression and prognosis of NPC.

Epstein-Barr virus encoded miR-BART11 promotes inflammation-induced carcinogenesis by targeting FOXP1

“…IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA expression increased in EBV-negative epithelial cells following LPS treatment, which was potentiated after culturing in conditioned media. Consistent with our earlier findings [6], exogenous expression of FOXP1 or EBV-miR-BART11 was shown to significantly reduce or potentiate the local inflammatory response, respectively (Figure 4A–4B). …”

“…A large number of inflammatory cells, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are found in NPC and GC biopsies. TAM infiltration is tightly associated with poor prognosis in NPC [5, 6]. TAMs were shown, together with tumor-derived FasL, to serve as a barrier against the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into GC [7, 8].…”

Rac1 overexpression is correlated with epithelial mesenchymal transition and predicts poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer

“…A semiquantitative scoring criterion for IHC was used in which the staining intensity and positive areas were recorded as reported previously 23. Briefly, the percentage of positive cells was determined by counting 500 cells in five randomly selected fields per section.…”

Retrospective Proteomic Screening of 100 Breast Cancer Tissues

“…Its primary function is closely related to the cellular responses triggered by oxygen deprivation; it also plays an important role as molecular chaperone. HYOU1 results over-expressed in many tumors, where it appears associated with tumor invasion and with the inhibition of the drug-induced apoptosis [153]. This protein, when present, displayed an average of 2.4 fold increase with respect to the normal ones.…”